东北农牧交错带玉米的适宜收获方式  

The Maize Proper Harvesting Methods in the Ecotone Between Agriculture and Animal Husbandry in Northeast China

作　　者：陈玉香[1] 张昕[1] 陈静[2] 周道玮[3] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学生物与农业工程学院,长春130025 [2]北京大发正大有限公司,北京101309 [3]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,长春130012

出　　处：《农机化研究》2009年第8期113-117,共5页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G2000018606)

摘　　要：吉林的西部是农牧交错带。为了增加粗饲料的来源,尝试了改变当地玉米常规的收获方式,采用全株玉米收获,并且收获时间比当地传统时间有所提前。试验表明,该种收获方式使籽粒产量下降,秸秆产量提高;籽粒营养成分(总淀粉和粗蛋白)含量下降,茎与叶粗蛋白含量增加;中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)含量下降,秸秆的饲用价值提高。通过能量折合计算,9月20日左右全株收获的玉米,其籽粒的损失可由秸秆产量的增加弥补。此种收获方式在农牧交错地区可以试行推广。In order to increase the quantity,and quality of sotver, which is utilized as forage in the ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry in northeast China, methods of harvesting the ear with the stover was the maize traditional harvesting methods in this area was changed. The used in the experiment, and the harvest date is earlier than the traditional harvest date. The results showed that the yield of the kernel decreased while the yield of the stalk increased compared with the traditional methods. The starch and crude protein content of the kernel decreased, while the crude protein content of the leaf and the stem increased compared with the traditional methods. The NDF, ADF, ADL, hemicellulose and cellulose content decreased compared with the traditional methods. So the quality and quantity of stover are higher than that of the traditional harvesting methods. The decrease of kernel yield can be compensated by the increase of stover according to the energy. The experiment proved that the harvesting methods can be tried in the ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry in northeast China.

关 键 词：玉米 收获方式 农牧交错带 东北 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]