工程建设弃土弃渣水土流失过程试验研究  

Experimental Study of Soil and Water Loss Processes on Waste Soil and Residue in Project Construction

作　　者：马春艳[1] 王占礼[1,2] 寇晓梅[3] 谭贞学[2] 刘俊娥[1] 袁殷[1] 张乃畅[3] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [3]中国水电顾问集团西北勘测设计研究院,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2009年第3期78-82,共5页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家973计划课题“不同类型区土壤侵蚀过程与机理”(2007CB407201);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-442);黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室(科技部专项经费)项目;西北农林科技大学创新团队建设计划(01140202)

摘　　要：弃土弃渣是工程建设产生的最主要地面组成物质之一。采用野外放水冲刷试验方法,对黄河班多水电站工程区弃土弃渣水土流失过程进行了研究。(1)不同供水流量下,产流率随供水过程的动态变化整体呈增长趋势,可用幂函数方程描述,开始产流后的5 min内产流过程的变化幅度较大,随后较为平缓,并趋于基本稳定;(2)不同供水流量下,产沙率随供水历时的增长而减少,可用对数相关方程描述,小流量下变化过程波动较小,大流量下变化幅度较大;(3)不同供水流量下,含沙量随着供水历时的增长而减少,可用对数相关方程描述。各流量下的变化趋势基本一致;(4)次产流深、次产沙模数皆随供水流量的增大而增加,增加趋势基本相同,皆可用对数相关方程描述。平均含沙量随供水流量的增大先增加后减小,临界值为7.17 L/min,可用抛物线相关方程描述;(5)次产沙模数随次产流深的增大而增加,表现为很好的正相关关系,可用对数相关方程来描述。Waste soil and residue induced by project construction is one of the main ground materials. Based on field scouring experiment, the processes of runoff and sediment yield on waste soil and residue in the Banduo hydropower station project area in the Yellow River were studied and following results were obtained. （1） Under different flow rates, runoff yield varied by power equations. Runoff yield changed greatly steady eventually. （2） Under different flow rates, with souring time and the relationships can be described in initial 5 rain, then changed slowly, and tended to be sediment yield decreased with souring time and the relationships can be described by logarithmic equations. （3） Under different flow rates, sediment concentration varied with souring time and the relationships can be described by logarithmic equations. The variations for different flow rates had the same trend, basically. （4） Depth of single runoff yield and modulus of single sediment yield increased with different flow rates and can be described by logarithmic equations. The averaged sediment concentration varied with souring time and the relationship can be described by a parabola equation. Critical flow rate was found to be 7.17 L/min. （5） The relationship between depth of single runoff yield and modulus of single sediment yield showed a positive correlation. Modulus of single sediment yield increased with depth of single runoff yield and the relationship can be described by a logarithmic equation.

关 键 词：工程建设 弃土弃渣 放水冲刷试验 产流产沙过程 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]