3种草皮缓冲带对农田径流污染物的净化效果及其最佳宽度研究  

Sward riparian buffer zone for runoff clarification and nutrient removal

作　　者：黄沈发[1] 唐浩[1] 鄢忠纯[1] 熊丽君[1] 吴建强[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市环境科学研究院,上海200233

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2009年第6期53-57,共5页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：上海市科学技术委员会科研计划项目(No.04DZ12032)

摘　　要：通过对照试验,研究了百慕大、白花三叶草和高羊茅3种草皮缓冲带对农田径流污染物的净化效果。结果表明,空白对照带对径流水SS几乎没有去除效果,百慕大草皮缓冲带对径流水SS的去除率最高,达84%,其次为白花三叶草和高羊茅草皮缓冲带,对径流水SS的去除率分别为81%、73%;进水TN质量浓度在10mg/L以内时,3种草皮缓冲带出水TN质量浓度都低于2mg/L,均达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838—2002)Ⅴ类标准;进水TP质量浓度为0.54～1.50mg/L时,3种草皮缓冲带出水TP质量浓度均为0.08～0.34mg/L,也均低于GB3838—2002Ⅴ类标准规定的限值;3种草皮缓冲带径流水SS去除率和沿程距离具有显著的相关性,在径流水SS去除率为80%时,通过计算可知3种草皮缓冲带的最佳宽度为16.1～20.4m,其中百慕大草皮缓冲带最低,为16.1m。Field test data collected over the 6-month period in 2006 were employed to compare the effectiveness of three sward riparian buffer zones for reduction of runoff SS and removal of nutrients in the leachate and to estimate the buffer zone width for achieving 80% SS reduction （optimal width）. The control systemof bare riparian zone was ineffective for SS reduction while the three sward buffer zones achieved an averago SS removal of 〉80%; Cynodon dactylon was the best responsible for 84% SS reduction, followed by Trifolium repens and Festuca arundinacea for SS reductions of 81% and 73%, respectively. When the influent TN was -（10 mg/L, the effluent TN concentrations of leachate samples from the four test zones were all 〈2 mg/L, the limit of Grade V of Surface Water Environmental Quality Standards （Chinese EPA, 2002） ; when the influent TP concentration was 0.54-1.50 mg/L, the effluent TP concentrations were 0.08-0.34 mg/L, below the limit of Grade V of surface water. The data suggest that a 16.1- 20.4 m sward buffer zone would be optimal and that Cynodon dactylon would produce the best clarification result.

关 键 词：草皮缓冲带 面源污染 最佳宽度 上海 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]