我国大气污染与儿童呼吸系统疾病和症状的关系  

Relationship between Ambient Air Pollution and Children's Respiratory Health in China

作　　者：伍燕珍[1] 张金良[1,2] 赵秀阁[2] 刘玲[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学系,北京100191 [2]中国环境科学研究院环境污染与健康创新基地,北京100012

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2009年第6期471-477,共7页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：中国环境科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(2007KYYW06)

摘　　要：目的描述我国主要大气污染物水平与儿童呼吸系统疾病和症状报告率的关系。方法收集国内外1980至2008年公开发表的关于我国大气污染物与儿童呼吸系统疾病和症状关系的文献,最终有12篇文献入选。采用单因素线性回归和Pearson相关分析的方法分析我国主要大气污染物(TSP,PM10,PM2.5,SO2和NO)x与儿童呼吸系统疾病和症状(咳嗽、持续咳嗽、咯痰、持续咯痰、哮喘、喘呜、支气管炎和肺炎)的关系。结果研究地区大气中颗粒物(TSP,PM10,PM2.5)的浓度与儿童呼吸系统疾病和症状报告率之间有很强的正相关关系;其中TSP浓度与儿童咳嗽、持续咳嗽、咯痰、持续咯痰和支气管炎的报告率呈明显的正相关关系,TSP浓度每增加10μg/m3,以上疾病和症状的报告率分别增加0.50%,0.12%,0.43%,0.09%,0.51%;PM10浓度每增加10μg/m3,儿童咳嗽、咯痰以及支气管炎的报告率分别增加2.64%,2.27%和2.17%;PM2.5浓度每增加10μg/m3,儿童咳嗽、咯痰和支气管炎的报告率分别增加4.56%,3.49%和3.74%。大气中SO2浓度与喘鸣的相关关系较明显,SO2浓度每增加10μg/m3,儿童喘鸣的报告率增加0.55%;在大气中SO2浓度低于0.15mg/m3的地区,SO2浓度与儿童咳嗽和咯痰报告率的相关关系较明显,SO2浓度每增加10μg/m3,以上症状的报告率分别增加1.65%,1.50%。在NOx浓度低于0.10mg/m3的地区,NOx浓度与儿童持续咳嗽、持续咯痰和支气管炎的报告率之间有较强的相关关系,NOx浓度每增加10μg/m3,以上疾病和症状的报告率分别增加0.86%,0.51%,3.21%。此外,北方地区大气污染物与儿童呼吸系统疾病和症状的报告率之间相关关系更显著。结论我国大气污染物浓度是儿童呼吸系统疾病和症状的危险因素,并且北方地区大气污染物对儿童呼吸系统疾病和症状的影响更大。Objective To analyze the relationship between children＇s respiratory health and ambient air pollution in China. Methods The studies on ambient air pollution and children＇s respiratory health in China published from 1980 to 2008 were collected and 12 of them were selected. Pearson correlation and linear regression analysis were used to find the correlations between levels of air pollutants and children＇s history prevalence of respiratory diseases and symptoms. Results Strong associations between the levels of TSP and the history prevalence of cough, long-term cough, sputum, long-term sputum, bronchitis for children were found, and 0.50%, 0.12%, 0.43%, 0.09% and 0.51% increased respectively as per 10 μg/m^3 increased for TSP; there were significant associations between the levels of PM10 and the history prevalence of cough, sputum and bronchitis for children, and 2.64%, 2.27%, 2.17% increased respectively as per 10 μg/m^3 increased for PM10. Significant associations were also found between the levels of PM2.5 and the history prevalence of cough, sputum and bronchitis for children, and 4.56%, 3.49%, 3.74% increased respectively as per 10 μg/m^3 increased for PM2.5. Pearson correlation analysis indicated a significant increase of the history prevalence of wheeze for children with increase of levels of SO2; there were significant associations between the increase of the levels of SO2 and increase of the history prevalence of cough and sputum for children as the levels of SO2 lower than 0.15 mg/m^3 , and 1.65% and 1.50% increased respectively as per 10 μg/m3 increase of SO2. Significant associations between the levels of NOx lower than 0.10 mg/m^3 and the history prevalence of long-term cough, long-term sputum, bronchitis for children were found, and 0.86%, 0.51% and 3.21% increased respectively as per 10 μg/m^3 increase of NOx Furthermore, the associations between air pollutants and the history prevalence of children＇s respiratory health in north China were more significant. Conclusion The air pollutants

关 键 词：空气污染 儿童 呼吸系统 线性回归分析 Pearson相关分析 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]