光学显微镜下松柏类和菊科花粉的分类、鉴定要点及生态意义  

POLLEN KEYS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF CONIFEROPSIDA AND COMPOSITAE CLASSES UNDER LIGHT MICROSCOPY AND THEIR ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE

作　　者：马玉贞[1] 蒙红卫[1] 桑艳礼[1] 孙爱芝[2] 伍婧[2] 王维[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室,地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,北京100875 [2]兰州大学资源环境学院,兰州730000

出　　处：《古生物学报》2009年第2期240-253,共14页Acta Palaeontologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.40871092,No.40671184);教育部科技重大项目(No.307007)资助

摘　　要：本文对地层中广泛分布的松柏类和菊科花粉进行初步分类,讨论各类型(属)的鉴定特征及生态意义。以气囊的有无、外壁结构和纹饰、气囊的形态和纹饰、本体与气囊过渡点的特征、帽与帽缘纹理等为鉴定要点,对杉型、柏科型、刺柏型、红豆杉型、落叶松属、铁杉属、罗汉松属、云杉属、雪松属、冷杉属、油杉属和松属(双束松型和单束松型)13个类型的松柏类植物花粉逐步分类。通过总结前人研究和统计分析,讨论落叶松属、铁杉属、罗汉松属、云杉属、雪松属、冷杉属、油杉属和松属,特别是双束松型和单束松型花粉的生态环境指代意义。依据花粉的大小、外壁表面纹饰、外壁光切面中基柱层的结构和发育程度,初步拟将菊科花粉划分为6个类型,即菊苣-蒲公英型、紫菀型、春黄菊型、风毛菊型、蓝刺头型和蒿属,并通过对6个花粉类型植物母体生态环境的归纳总结和统计分析,讨论它们的生态环境指代意义。This paper represents the master keys for taxonomic identification of Coniferopsida and Compositae pollens which exist broadly in sedimentary strata, and their ecological significance. Thirteen types （ Taxodiaceae, Cupressaceae, Juniperus, Taxaceae, Larix, Tsuga, Podocarpus, Picea, Cedrus, Abies, Pinus （ Diploxylon ）, Pinus （ Haploxylon ） and t（eteleeria） were classified stepwisely according to the presence/absence of saccus, the structure and sculpturing of extine, the morphology and sculpturing of saccus, the feature of transition between body and saccus, and the veins of crest and marginal crest. The ecological significance is discussed regarding Larix, Tsuga, Podocarpus, Picea, Cedrus, Abies, Keteleeria, Pinus, especially the Diploxylon and Haploxylon type based on a brief review of previous studies and statistical analysis. By the grain size of pollens, the surface sculpturing of extine, and the structure of columellae, Compositae were divided into six types （Cichorium intybus-Taraxacum type, Aster type, Anthemis type, Saussurea type, Echinops type, and Artemisia）. The ecological significance of those types were also discussed based on the summary of plant environment from published literatures and habitat statistics.

关 键 词：松柏类 菊科 花粉 鉴定要点 生态意义 

分 类 号：Q949[生物学—植物学]