黄土丘陵沟壑区典型流域土地利用/覆被变化的径流调节效应  

Effect of LUCC on runoff regulation in watershed in loess gullied-hilly region of China

作　　者：张晓明[1] 曹文洪[1] 余新晓[2] 武思宏[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院泥沙研究所,北京100048 [2]北京林业大学水土保持与荒漠化防治重点实验室,北京100083 [3]皇家工学院陆地与水资源工程系,斯德哥尔摩10044,瑞典

出　　处：《水利学报》2009年第6期641-650,共10页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：“十一五”国家科技支撑项目(2006BAD09B02);中国水科院科研专项项目(泥集QN0707、泥集KY0723)

摘　　要：基于动力水文过程测定技术和景观生态学测度方法,分析了黄土丘陵沟壑区罗玉沟流域土地利用/覆被变化的径流调节效应。结果表明:由森林植被增加与坡改梯的耕作措施调整共同引起的土地利用/覆被变化,对径流有显著的调节作用。无论场暴雨、雨季及年尺度,土地利用结构优化及森林植被覆盖增加,均使流域产流能力降低。罗玉沟流域土地利用后期在丰、平和枯水年径流系数比前期分别减少约51%、85%和84%;在剔除降水量的影响,通过相同降水条件径流系数的预测,后期较前期在丰、平、枯水年均减少约63%。土地利用/覆被对流域径流的影响表现为季节性,且土地利用结构优化,场暴雨洪峰流量呈减小的规律。相对于森林植被增加和坡改梯耕作措施调整,前者对流域产流能力的影响大于后者,但对于山区土地整理与生态修复政策,二者共同实施才可促进土地资源的可持续利用。By using the measurement technique of dynamic hydrological process and the estimation method of landscape ecology,the effect of LUCC（ Land Use-Cover Change） on runoff regulation in the Luoyugou watershed, located at loess gullied-hilly region of China, in the period from 1986 to 2004 was studied. The results show that the impact of LUCC on runoff regulation is significant due to the increase of forest vegetation coverage and terracing of the land on the slopes. The capacity of runoff yield will be reduced due to the optimal adjustment of land use structures and the increase of forest vegetation in any time scales, including single precipitation event, the period of rainfall season and in the whole year. The reduction percentages of average annual runoff coefficient in rich rainfall year, normal rainfall year and poor rainfall year in the latter land use period from 1995 to 2004 are approximately 51% ,85%, 84% respectively comparing with those in the former land use period from 1986 to 1994. Besides, if neglecting the influence of precipitation amount, the predicted runoff coefficient for latter period decreases by about 63 % comparing with those in former period. In addition, the impact of LUCC on runoff exhibits seasonal characteristics and the peak flood amount decreases with the optimal adjustment of land use structures. Although the impact of increasing forest vegetation coverage on the capacity of runoff amount is lager than that of changing land use type from slopping farmland to terrace, both measures must be adopted for fulfilling the requirements of land resources sustainable utilization in Loess gullied-hilly region.

关 键 词：土地利用空间转移 频率分布 土地整理 径流系数 黄土丘陵沟壑区 

分 类 号：TV121[水利工程—水文学及水资源]