某有色金属矿矿区长住居民镉铅食物链效应调查  

Investigation on the effects of Cd and Pb contamination on long term residents in a near mine through food chain

作　　者：黎美清[1] 杜岩[1] 葛宪民[1] 苏旭[1] 韦国铭[1] 黄家乐[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区职业病防治研究院,南宁530021

出　　处：《应用预防医学》2009年第3期129-133,共5页Applied Preventive Medicine

基　　金：广西壮族自治区政府专项经费资助

摘　　要：目的 了解某有色金属矿矿区污染对周围常住居民的健康影响。方法选取某有色金属矿矿区周围常住居民540人为调查对象，通过常规健康检查及镉、铅相关危害因素的特殊项目检查，依照《环境镉污染所致健康危害区判定标准》（GB／T17221—1998）中的规定进行判断。结果361人的尿镉检测结果在5μg／g肌酐以上的195人，占受检人数54．2％。在尿镉5μg／g肌酐以上的195人中，尿镉在不同性别、不同年龄及不同的居住年限间差异有显著性；尿镉随年龄、居住年限的增加而增加。尿p2微球蛋白（尿β2-MG）异常或尿N-乙酰-β—D-氨基葡萄糖苷（UNAG）异常共52人，肾脏受损率26．7％；尿β2-MG、UNAG随着尿镉的增加而增加。发现了两例慢性轻度镉中毒。452人血铅检测结果，男性显著高于女性；≥30岁居民血铅显著高于〈30岁居民。血铅与居住年限有相关关系。儿童高铅血症27人，轻度铅中毒1人，中度铅中毒2人。在2—7岁年龄组儿童体内血铅异常15人，占受检人数的55．6％，血铅与年龄呈负相关关系。结论根据《环境镉污染所致健康危害区判定标准》（GB／T17221—1998）中的相关规定，尚不能判定该矿区为镉污染对人群健康产生严重危害的区域，但调查结果显示由于环境污染，当地居民已经出现了高镉、铅食物链效应。Objectives To investigate the effects of Cd and Pb contamination on the long term residents in a. near mine. Methods 540 residents in a near mine were investigated; their general health conditions and some risk factors specifically related to Cd and Pb exposure were monitored, and assessed according to the criteria described in ＂Criteria of Health Risk Assessment by Environment Cd Contamination＂ （GB/T 17221 - 1998）.Results 361 individuals were tested for urine Cd level, and 195 （54.2%） individuals showed elevated urinary Cd/Cr ratio above 5 tLg/g..Urinary Cd level differs significantly among groups of different gender, age, and duration of resident time. Urinary Cd increased as the age and duration of resident time increased. There were 52 cases of abnormal urinary β2 microglobin （β2 - MG） or urinary UNAG, the rate of renal damages was 26.7% ; urinary β2 - MG or urinary UNAG levels correlated with urinary Cd level. Two cases were diagnosed as mild Cd intoxication. 452 individuals were tested for blood Pb content, the results indicated that the blood Pb levels in males were significantly higher than those of females, and the Pb levels in the residents aged 30 or over were significantly higher than those of the residents under aged 30 . Blood Pb levels correlated with duration of resident time. There were 27 cases of children with elevated blood Pb, 1 case of mild Pb intoxication, and 2 cases of moderate Pb intoxication. In 2 to 7 years old group, 15 individuals showed elevated blood Pb, accounting for 55.6% of the total tested. Blood Pb level correlated invertly with age. Conclusions According to ＂Criteria of Health Risk Assessment by Environment Cd Contamination＂ （GB/T 17221- 1998）, we could not determine the area that are impacted by the contaminations, however, the results indicate that local residents have signs of elevated Cd and Pb levels, presumably due to food chain effect.

关 键 词：有色金属 环境污染 健康影响 

分 类 号：R124[医药卫生—环境卫生学]