文化与政治的变奏——战争、革命与1910年代的“思想战”  

Variations on Culture and Politics:War,Revolution and the "War of Ideas" in the 1910s

作　　者：汪晖[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文学院,教授北京100084

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2009年第4期117-141,共25页Social Sciences in China

摘　　要：晚清以降的各个变革阶段之间并不能用线性的现代化史观简单地加以解释。基于第一次世界大战和共和危机的影响,"五四"文化运动出现了明显的转向。如何评价共和的制度与价值,如何看待19世纪末期以降被视为楷模的西方模式,以及由此引发的如何看待中国传统等问题,构成了"五四文化转向"的基本问题。"五四"文化运动的根本特征,是文化与政治之间的相互转化、渗透和变奏。政治与历史之间的断裂——新的政治不是历史的自然延伸,产生于一种新的意识、思想、文化和历史理解。在这种断裂中,"文化"承担着双重任务,即一方面在社会的基础上创造和培育新的政治主体,另一方面通过内在于国家与政党的运动促成政治的生成、造化和改易。一种通过文化与政治的区分而介入、激发政治的方式构成了20世纪中国的独特现象。The various stages of reform in China since the late Qing cannot be explained simplistically by a linear view of the history of modernization.Because of the First World War and the Republican crisis,the 'May Fourth' cultural movement shows a clear change of direction.How to assess the Republican system and its values and the Western model viewed as a template since the late nineteenth century,and questions that flowed from this such as how to deal with Chinese tradition—these constituted the primary issues in the 'May Fourth change of cultural direction.' The 'May Fourth' cultural movement was fundamentally characterized by mutual transformation,interpenetration and variations in culture and politics.The new politics was not a natural development of the old;rather,it originated from a new consciousness,thought,culture and historical understanding.In other words,the new politics was the result of the 'May Fourth' movement.In this context,'culture' assumed a double task:on the one hand,it created and developed new political entities in society;on the other,it facilitated the formation,improvement and evolution of politics through movements intrinsic to the state and political parties.Entering on and reinvigorating politics by means of the distinction between culture and politics was a phenomenon unique to twentieth century China.

关 键 词：五四文化转向 东西文明 共和危机 政治主义 国家主义 

分 类 号：K257[历史地理—历史学]