种植密度对夏玉米群体库源关系的影响  

Effects of Plant Density on Sink-source Relationship of Summer Maize(Zea mays L.)

作　　者：江东岭[1] 杜雄[1] 张宁[1] 边大红[1] 崔彦宏[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学农学院,河北省作物生长调控实验室,河北保定071001

出　　处：《华北农学报》2009年第3期201-207,共7页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：“十一五”国家科技支撑计划重大项目(2006BAD02A08)

摘　　要：选用3个不同生育期的夏玉米品种,研究了不同密度处理下的库源变化,及库、源与产量之间的关系,以期揭示在有限的光热资源条件下的源库特征,找出产量的限制因子,为河北省夏玉米高产栽培提供理论依据。结果表明,群体叶源量和源生产能力随密度的增加而增加,但吐丝30 d后高密度（9.0万株/hm2）处理的群体叶源量下降较快。增加种植密度是增源的有效措施,减缓吐丝30 d后叶源衰老速度,增加源生产能力是高密度群体获得高产的基础。随密度的增加,单株结实粒数和粒重降低,但单位面积穗数、粒数及最大潜在库容量增加,高密度（9.0万株/hm^2）条件下比其他处理分别高出16.7%-103%,4.7%-87%,8.4%-73%,增加种植密度是获得最大潜在库容量的有效措施。提高单株结实粒数,增加粒重是高密度群体获得高产的保证。库源比随密度的增加逐渐降低,在高密度条件下,源和库均影响产量的形成,但库是限制产量的主要因子。增加种植密度、扩库强源是河北省夏玉米获得高产的重要措施和途径。In order to reveal characteristics of source and sink, source-sink relationship, and the effect of source and sink on grain yield, find out the restrictive factors of grain yield, a study was conducted with three hybrids （Jingdan28, Zhengdan958, Nongdal08） in four plant density （4.5 × 10^4plant/ha, 6.0× 10^4plant/ha, 9.0 × 10^4 plant/ha） under limited light and heat conditions. The results showed that the population total leaves area and the dry matter production capacity increased with the increase of plant density, but the population total leaves area decreased rapidly from 30th day after silking under high density condition （ 9.0 × 10^4 plant/ha）. Increasing the plant density was an effective approach to increase the total leaves area and grain yield by decreasing the leaves senescence from 30th days after silking and increasing the dry matter production capacity. The grain numbers per ear and grain weight decreased with the density increased, while the ear numbers, grain numbers per ear and the maximum potential sink capacity per unit area increased and was 16.7% - 103% ,4.7% - 87% and 8.4% - 73% higher of the high density （9.0 × 10^4plant/ha） than those of the other treatments respectively. Increasing the plant density was an effective to obtain a larger sink capacity and higher grain yield. The sink-source ratio decreased gradually with the plant density increased. Under high plant density, both source and sink had effect on the formation of grain yield, but sink was the major restrictive factor. Increasing planting density with enlarging sink capacity and strengthening source was the key approach to obtain high grain yield of summer maize in Hebei Province.

关 键 词：夏玉米 库源关系 密度 产量 

分 类 号：S14[农业科学—肥料学]