四种观赏草在北京地区的蒸散规律与适宜灌溉量研究  

Evapotranspiration and Reasonable Irrigation Amount of Four Ornamental Grasses in Beijing

作　　者：袁小环[1] 滕文军[1] 杨学军[1] 武菊英[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京草业与环境研究发展中心,北京100097

出　　处：《华北农学报》2009年第3期219-222,共4页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：北京市科技计划项目(D08050600120802);北京市农业科技项目(20080803)

摘　　要：为了掌握多年生观赏草在北京地区的水分需求,2006年采用蒸散量反馈式灌溉方法,利用小型蒸渗仪研究了4种观赏草野古草、细茎针茅、宽叶拂子茅、蓝羊茅的蒸散规律。6^-10月间,除10月外,4种观赏草间的蒸散量存在显著差异;除蓝羊茅外,同一种观赏草不同月份间蒸散量差异显著,野古草、细茎针茅、宽叶拂子茅、蓝羊茅6^-10月的总蒸散量分别为812.84,642.26,524.02,333.49 mm。暖季型观赏草野古草和宽叶拂子茅9月蒸散量最高,冷季型观赏草细茎针茅和蓝羊茅7月蒸散量最高。根据2006年的实际降雨量,野古草和细茎针茅7^-10月均需灌溉,宽叶拂子茅和蓝羊茅9、10月需灌溉,适宜灌溉总量分别为440.80,268.45,267.09,108.02 mm。利用Penman-Monteith蒸散量经验模型计算各月的潜在蒸散量ET0,得出野古草、细茎针茅、宽叶拂子茅、蓝羊茅6^-10月的作物系数分别为0.63-2.15、0.64-1.84、0.38-1.46、0.56-0.77。根据实测蒸发皿的蒸发量计算出野古草、细茎针茅、宽叶拂子茅、蓝羊茅6^-10月的需水系数分别为1.02-3.40、0.94-2.47、0.61-2.31、0.89-0.98。对估算灌溉量的影响因素进行了讨论。To evaluate the water requirement of perennial ornamental grasses in Beijing, the evapotranspiration of oneyear-old Arundinella hirta , Stipa tenuissima , Calamagrostis brachytricha and Festuca glauca was measured in mini-lysimeters from June to October in 2006, based on evapotranspiration feedback irrigation. The evapotranspiration between different ornamental grasses differed significantly in every month except October. The evapotranspiration of the same ornamental grass in different months differed significantly except Festuca glauca. The total evapotranspiration of Arundinella tenuissima, Stipa bungeana, Calamagrostis brachytricha and Festuca glauca was respectively 812.84,642.26,524.02 and 333.49 mm.The highest evapatranspiration of warm-season ArundineUa hirta and Calamagrostis brctchytricha showed in Semptember, and which of cold-season Stipa tenuissima and Festuca glauca was in July. Combined with the fact rain fall in 2006, irrigation was necessary from July to October for Arundinella hirta and Stipa tenuissima, and from September to October for Calamagrostis brctchytricha and Festuca glauca. The reasonable irrigation amount was respectively 440.80,268.45,267.09 and 108.02 mm. By means of Penman-Monteith equation, crop coefficients of Arundinella hirta, Stipa tenuissima, Calarnagrostis brachytricha and Festuca glauca from June to October were respectively 0.63-2.15,0.64- 1.84,0.38- 1.46 and 0.56- 0.77. Based on the evaporation of evaporation pan, the water requirement coefficients of Arundinella hirta, Stipa tenuissima, Calamagrostis brachytricha and Festuca glauca from June to October were respectively 1.02-3.40,0.94-2.47,0.61- 2.31 and 0.89-0.98. The factors influencing irrigation amount evaluation were discussed.

关 键 词：观赏草 蒸散 作物系数 需水系数 灌溉 

分 类 号：S688.4[农业科学—观赏园艺] S161.4[农业科学—园艺学]