近30年我国高空风速变化趋势分析  

Change Trend Analyses on Upper-Air Wind Speed over China in Past 30 Years

作　　者：张爱英[1,2,3] 任国玉[2] 郭军[4] 王颖[5] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081 [2]中国气象局气候研究开放实验室/国家气候中心,北京100081 [3]山东省气候中心,山东济南250031 [4]天津市气候中心,天津300074 [5]中国气象局国家气象信息中心,北京100081

出　　处：《高原气象》2009年第3期680-687,共8页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40575039);国家科技支撑项目课题(2007BAC03A01)共同资助

摘　　要：1980—2006年间采用全国119个探空站14个等压面的月平均风速资料,分析了我国高空对流层和平流层下层风速变化的时间和空间特征,并和同期地面风速变化进行了对比。结果表明,我国近27年对流层中下层和对流层上层风速呈下降趋势,年平均风速线性变化速率分别为-0.10 m.s-1.(10a)-1和-0.17 m.s-1.(10a)-1,均未通过0.05显著性水平检验;平流层下层全国年平均风速呈上升趋势,上升速率为0.24 m.s-1.(10a)-1,亦未通过0.05显著性水平检验。同期全国地面风速则呈现更显著的降低趋势,年平均风速线性变化速率为-0.16 m.s-1.(10a)-1,通过了0.05显著性水平检验。我国地面气象站记录的平均风速减弱可能受到大尺度大气环流变化的影响,更可能与台站附近观测环境变化和城市化等人为因素影响有密切关系。Based on the monthly mean upper-air wind speed data from 1980 to 2006 at 119 radiosonde stations in China, the long-term change trends in upper-air wind speed are analyzed, and a comparison of the change with surface wind speed change in the same time period is made as well. Results show that both in the mid- and lower-and upper troposphere the annual mean wind speed decreases during the period analyzed, with change rates of -0.10m.s^-1.（10a）-1 and --0.17 m.s^-1.（10a）-1 , and has＇nt passed the significant level at 0.05, respectively. The stratospheric wind speed, however, increases in the same period, with the rate of 0.24 m.s^-1.（10a）-1 , which has passed the significant level at 0.05. Contrast to the upper atmosphere, the surface wind speed significantly decreases in the same time period, with the rate of --0.16 m.s^-1.（10a）-1, which has passed the significant level at 0.05. The results indicate that the decrease of surface wind speed widely reported is not only associated with the large-scale circulation change, but also with the urbanization-induced change in observational settings around the meteorological stations.

关 键 词：中国 风速 气候变化 对流层 平流层 地面 

分 类 号：P457.5[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]