城市灰霾数值预报模式的建立与应用  

Development and Application of Urban Haze Numerical Forecast Model

作　　者：刘红年[1,2] 胡荣章[1] 张美根[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学大气科学学院,江苏南京210093 [2]中国科学院大气物理研究所,大气边界层物理与大气化学国家重点实验室,北京100029

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2009年第6期631-636,共6页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40775014);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2006CB400506);中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理与大气化学国家重点实验室开放项目

摘　　要：建立了城市灰霾的数值预报模式,可模拟PM2.5中主要成分硫酸盐、有机碳、黑碳、硝酸盐和土壤尘等气溶胶的浓度分布,根据气溶胶浓度分布计算城市大气能见度,从而预测城市灰霾天气.利用城市灰霾的数值预报模式进行了冬、夏2个算例的模拟.结果表明:在PM2.5中,夏季硫酸盐的贡献率(26.6%)略高于冬季(24.0%),夏季和冬季有机气溶胶(OM)贡献率分别为35.4%和33.3%,黑碳贡献率分别为9.5%和7.1%;南京地区颗粒物的消光系数占总消光系数的95%以上,是能见度下降最主要的贡献者,其中,硫酸盐和有机物对能见度贡献最大,其次为黑碳、硝酸盐、粗粒子、土壤尘和NO2.A numerical forecast model for urban haze was developed in this paper. In the model, visibility can be calculated according to the concentration distributions of sulfate, organic carbon, black carbon, nitrate, and soil dust aerosol, which are the main components of PM2.5 In this way, urban haze weather could be forecasted. In this paper, the model was used to simulate winter and summer cases. The results showed that, among the species of PM2.5, the contribution of sulfate to PM2.5 in summer was 26.6%, which was higher than that in winter （24.0%）; the contributions of OM were 35.4% and 33.3% in summer and winter respectively; and the contributions of black carbon were 9.5% and 7.1% in summer and winter respectively. In the Nanjing urban area, the contribution of particles to total atmospheric extinction was more than 95 %, and was the predominant contributor of visibility reduction. Among all aerosol species, sulfate and organic aerosols were the most important contributors to visibility reduction, followed by black carbon. The contributions to atmospheric extinction of nitriate, coarse partical, soil dust and NO2 were smaller.

关 键 词：灰霾 能见度 数值预报模式 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]