土壤重金属污染及生物修复研究进展  

Review on the research advances of the pollution and bioremediation of heavy metals in the soil

作　　者：王燕[1,2] 李贤庆[1,2] 宋志宏[1,2] 王康东[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室,北京100083 [2]中国矿业大学资源与安全工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2009年第3期60-65,共6页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40572085);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目(NCET-06-0204)

摘　　要：土壤重金属污染不会被微生物降解、迁移性小、很难被清除、易在土壤中富集,一直备受国内外学者关注。研究土壤重金属污染规律,积极探索更有效、经济的污染修复新技术具有重要意义。对土壤重金属污染的来源、赋存形态和迁移规律进行了综述。土壤重金属污染主要来源于工业、农业、交通和能源消费;土壤中重金属的赋存形态可分为水溶态、交换态、碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态、有机结合态和残留态6种;土壤胶体的吸附作用、土壤中重金属与腐殖质的反应、土壤Eh值、土壤的pH值和土壤中的生物转化作用都对重金属的迁移转化有一定的影响。探讨了上壤重金属污染的修复技术,侧重讨论当前研究较多的生物修复,包括植物修复、微生物修复、植物-微生物和动物的协同修复。提出了研究中存在的问题及研究方向。The present paper intends to review the research advances in the pollution of heavy metals in the soil and their bioremediation to the soil. For its purpose, we have, first of all, pointed out the ever more great significance of such research in helping to restore the fertility of the land soil and then illustrated some more effective and efficient new pollution-reducing and removing techniques. In addition, methods on finding the pollution sources, the classification of such pollution sources and removal measures of such heavy metal pollutions from the soil are generalized and summarized. It has thus been found that the main sources of heavy metal pollution in soil come from industrial and agricultural production, traffic and transportation, as well as that of energy consumption. As to the kinds of heavy metal pollution in the soil, it is usually divided into six categories, i.e. Water soluble fraction, exchangeable fraction, acid soluble fraction, oxidizable fraction, reducible fraction, and the residual fraction. Removal rules of heavy metal pollution in the soil have so far been generalized. It has been classified that the remove and transform of heavy metals are effected by sorption of soil colloid, reaction between heavy metals and humus and Eh, pH of soil. And, remediation techniques of heavy metal pollution in the soil have thus also been discussed. The bioremediation to be paid more attention to at present is the keystone. The main problems and the further research trends of heavy metal pollutions of soil are also mentioned with the bioremediation being the keystone.

关 键 词：环境科学 土壤 重金属污染 生物修复 研究进展 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]