新型特早熟春性甘蓝型油菜的遗传多样性及其杂种优势  

Genetic diversity and hybrid vigor of new spring rapeseed varieties(B.napus L.) with extreme early maturity

作　　者：杜德志[1] 姚艳梅[1] 胡琼[2] 徐亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]青海省农林科学院春油菜研究所,国家油菜改良青海分中心,青海西宁810016 [2]农业部油料作物遗传改良重点实验室,湖北武汉430062

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2009年第2期114-121,共8页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：青海省“十一五”招标项目(2006-N-163);国家科技支撑计划(2007BAD64B03)

摘　　要：利用SSR和SRAP两种分子标记技术研究了通过甘蓝型油菜与白菜型油菜种间杂交培育出的新型特早熟春性甘蓝型油菜品系的遗传多样性,利用其中10个恢复系和3个保持系转育而来的不育系进行NCⅡ双列杂交,测定其杂种优势,并分析遗传距离与杂种优势的关系。研究结果表明:(1)30对SRAP引物扩增出250条多态性条带,多态性比率为61.9%。39对SSR标记共扩增出145条多态性条带,多态性比率为97.3%。(2)两种标记混合聚类结果表明,在相似系数0.588处可将全部材料划分为A、B两大类群,其中A类包含一个来自039×浩油11号的甘白种间杂交后代和白菜型亲本浩油11号,B类包含039、E144和其余的甘白种间杂交后代。在相似系数0.714处B类又可以分为6个不同的亚类,两个甘蓝型亲本材料单独聚在一个亚类中,其余的64份甘白种间杂交后代分别聚在5个不同的亚类中,说明新型特早熟春性甘蓝型油菜品系具有丰富的遗传多样性。(3)配制的30个杂交组合中,产量超亲优势在20%以上的有22个,占组合数的73.3%,产量杂种优势非常明显,而含油量杂种优势不明显。(4)SRAP标记遗传距离与产量杂种优势达到极显著正相关;而SSR标记遗传距离与产量杂种优势相关不显著。因此,利用分子标记技术预测油菜的杂种优势,SRAP标记效果更好。In order to identify the genetic diversity and the heterosis of novel spring rapeseed varieties with extreme early maturity （B. napus L. ） （NSRVEEM） ,68 NSRVEEM and their 3 parents were selected as plant materials. SSR （simple sequence repeat） and SRAP （sequence-related amplified polymorphism） were employed to detect the genetic diversity of 68 NSRVEEM. Hybrids were produced in a NCII pairing design by hand-pollination with 10 restoring lines and 3 sterilised lines, and all these lines were NSRVEEM. The results were： （ 1 ） 30 SP, AP primer pairs generated 250 polymorphic bands. 39 SSR primer pairs generated 145 polymorphic bands. （2） all materials could be divided into two groups at 0.588 similarity index level by UPGMA （ unweighted pair group mathematics average） clustering based on GD. One of parents-HAOYOUll （B. campestris L. ） and one of NSRVEEM-NO. 60 could be classified into A group. The other two parents （B. napus L. ） and the other NSRVEEM could be included in B group. B group could be divided into six sub-groups at 0.714 similarity index level. The two parents （B. napus L. ） could belong to one sub-group. And 64 NSRVEEM could be divided into five sub-groups, so the genetic diversity of NSRVEEM was rather rich. （3） The heterosis of yield per plant was evident except oil content. For example, there were 22 combinations whose HPH were more than 20% ,which accounted for 73.3% of all combinations. （4） correlation coefficient between genetic distance and yield heterosis based on polymorphism of SSR markers was 0. 12, and 0.56 if based on polymorphism of SRAP markers, which was significant at 0.01 levels. This indicated that SRAP markers were more efficient than SSR markers in predicting yield heterosis, and could effectively measure and predict yield heterosis in hybrid breeding.

关 键 词：遗传多样性 甘蓝型油菜 春性 SSR SRAP 杂种优势 

分 类 号：S565.403[农业科学—作物学]