坡耕地保护性耕作措施的水土保持效应  

Soil and water conservation effects of protective tillage measures on sloping farmland

作　　者：赵雨森[1] 魏永霞[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,黑龙江150040 [2]东北农业大学水利与建筑学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2009年第3期86-90,共5页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目专题“东北黑土区旱作农田水分生产潜力及适度开发研究”(2006BAD29B01);国家科技支撑计划项目专题“坡耕地深松筑挡蓄水保土技术研究与示范”(2007BAD88B01);黑龙江省重点科技攻关项目“坡耕地农田生态系统水分转化规律及水土保持技术研究”(GB06B106-3);东北农业大学科技创新团队项目“寒地黑土区水土流失规律与水土保持技术模式的试验研究”(CXT003-2-3)

摘　　要：为探索不同保护性耕作技术在黑龙江省西部半干旱区坡耕地的水土保持效应,于2007、2008年在甘南县东兴村坡耕地径流小区进行不同耕作措施的降雨径流、土壤储水量和土壤流失量试验研究。结果表明:土壤储水量的动态变化趋势与天然降雨趋势一致;与常规耕作措施相比,所研究的3种耕作措施均可不同程度地增加土壤储水量、减少地表径流和土壤流失量,其中,垄向区田措施减少径流效果最好,覆膜+垄向区田技术集成措施增加土壤储水和减少土壤流失效果最好,免耕秸秆覆盖措施在以上3方面的效果均为最差;垄向区田和覆膜+垄向区田措施具有增加土壤储水深度的作用。研究结果可为黑龙江省西部半干旱区坡耕地水土保持措施的合理选择提供参考。For exploring the effects of soil and water conservation of different protective tillage technologies on sloping farmland of western Heilongjiang Province, the experiments on rainfall-runoff, soil water storage and soil loss for different measures were conducted with runoff plots in Dongxing Village of Gannan County in 2007 and 2008. Results indicated that ： the trend of the dynamic variation of soil water storage was same as the natural rain fall; all of the 3 tillage measures studied had the increasing effects of soil water storage, and decreasing effects of runoff and soil loss. Compared with conventional tillage, the measures of furrow damming had the best effect of runoff reducing, the measure of the combination of film mulching and furrow damming had the best effects on soil water storage increasing and soil loss decreasing, no-tillage with straw cover measure had the worst effects in the above 3 aspects; the measures of furrow damming, the combination of film mulching and furrow damming can deepen the soil layer of soil water storage. The research results can provide reference for reasonable selection of soil conservation measures in the semi-arid region of western Heilongjiang Province.

关 键 词：耕作措施 土壤储水量 地表径流量 土壤流失量 坡耕地 

分 类 号：S345[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S157.433[农业科学—农艺学]