彩鲷(♂)×美洲虎鲷(♀)杂交后代及其双亲的染色体研究  

Chromosomes of Cichiasoma trimaculatum (♂), Heros managuense (♀) and Their Hybridization Offspring (F_1)

作　　者：陈友铃[1] 张秋金[1] 汪彦愔[1] 毛建萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学生命科学学院,福州350108

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2009年第3期469-475,共7页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：福建省科技厅资助省属高校项目(No.2006F5033)资助

摘　　要：以彩鲷(Cichiasoma trimaculatum)为父本、美洲虎鲷(Heros managuense)为母本,通过人工授精方法获得了能正常发育的杂交F1代。以肾细胞作材料,采用秋水仙素-低渗-空气干燥法、Howell的方法(银染)和Sumner的方法(C-带),制作染色体标本。结果表明:彩鲷的染色体数目2n=48,核型公式为2n=2m+8sm+26st+12t,染色体臂数NF=58,在st7染色体的短臂末端出现2个银染位点,C-带多为着丝粒型,有2条染色体st9和st13为整臂深染型C-带;美洲虎鲷的染色体数目2n=48,核型公式为2n=2m+6sm+28st+12t,NF=56,在sm2染色体的短臂末端出现2个银染位点,所有染色体的着丝点区均显示出深浅不同的C-带,C-带为着丝粒型;杂交F1代的染色体数目2n=48,核型公式为2n=2m+8sm+26st+12t,NF=58,在sm2染色体的短臂末端出现2个银染点,多数染色体具着丝粒C-带。未发现有异形性染色体。比较分析,杂交F1代的染色体数目及多数染色体具有着丝粒C-带的特点与父母本相同,染色体臂数与父本一致,银染位点与母本相同,这显示杂种F1遗传了双亲的染色体特点,而非雌核发育。The F1 hybrid of the distant hybridization between Cichiasoma trimaculatum （♂） and Heros managuense （♀） were successfully obtained through artificial fertilization, and the chromosome specimen of kidney cells of both parents and the F1 hybrid were prepared by low colchicine concentration-air drying method, Ag-NORs staining method and C-banding staining method. The karyotype, Ag-NORs and C-banding of C. trimaculatum, H. managuense and the hybrid were observed. The results showed that the diploid number of both parents and the Fj hybrid were all 2n=48. The karyotype formula of C. trimaculatum was 2n=2m＋8sm＋28st＋12t, NF=58, two Ag-NORs pots were seen on the tips of short arm of st7 chromosome, and the C-bands were observed in most centromeres and the whole chromosomes of st9 and Stl3. H. managuense had the karyotype formula 2n=2m＋6sm＋28st＋12t, NF=56, two Ag-NORs pots located on the tips of short arm of sm2 chromosome and positive C-bands presented in centromere of most chromosomes. In the F1 hybrid individuals, the chromosome formula was 2n=2m＋8sm＋30st＋8t, NF=58, two Ag-NORs pots were seen on the tips of short arm ofsm2 chromosome; the C-banding was centromeric. No heteromorphic sex chromosomes were founded. After analyzing, the Fl hybrid had the same diploid number and C-bands as both parents, the same number of chromosome arm as the male parent and the same Ag-staining pots as the female parent. It was confirmed that the F1 hybrid was the filial generation of both parents rather than the gynogenesis ofH. managuense （♀） induced by heterogeneous sperm of C. trimacula- tum （♂）.

关 键 词：彩鲷 美洲虎鲷 杂交F1代 染色体 

分 类 号：S185[农业科学—农业基础科学]