京白梨花药开裂异常的解剖学研究  

Anatomical Structure of Anther with Abnormal Dehiscence in 'Jingbaili'(Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim.) Pear

作　　者：胡建芳[1] 张东亚[2] 高芳[1] 张文[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,北京100094 [2]新疆林业科学院经济林研究所,乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2009年第6期1138-1143,共6页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划资助(2007BAD3602)

摘　　要：比较研究了京白梨(Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim.)、鸭梨、雪花梨花药开裂特性、环境条件对花药开裂的影响以及花药开裂异常的解剖学结构,结果表明:(1)京白梨花药开裂率明显低于鸭梨和雪花梨,使其产生花粉的量较少,从而导致传粉能力较弱.(2)京白梨、鸭梨、雪花梨在环境温度为25℃,相对湿度在60%～80%时最适宜花药开裂,但京白梨花药开裂率始终低于鸭梨和雪花梨.(3)在京白梨花药发育后期不能形成开裂腔是引起花药不开裂的主要原因,而导致开裂腔不能形成的原因可能与单核期的绒毡层细胞不退化和药室内壁细胞不进行U字型加厚有关.In this paper, the ability of characteristics of anther dehiscence, factors that influence anther dehiscence and mechanism of anther dehiscence for morphology were investigated in Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim.. The results showed that：the rate of anther dehiscence or the pollen number per anther in ＇Jingbaili＇ was much lower than that in both yali and xuehuali, suggesting that the lower efficiency of pollination in ＇Jinbaili~ was caused by its lower rate of anther dehiscence together with its lower number per anthers. Further studies showed that, the best condition for anther dehiscence was the same for any of the three pear cultivars,which was a temperature of 25℃ in combination with a relative humidity of 605-80%. Whereas in any condition,the rate of anther dehiscence in ＇Jingbaili＇ was always much lower than that of the other two cultivars. However, either during the late stage of anther development,the open space formed in the anther tissue is important factors, and no open space formed with tapetum cells do not degenerate, and hence,the endothecium cells can not establish U-shaped thickenings,which may just be the causes leading to the lower rate of anther dehiscence.

关 键 词：京白梨 散粉 花药开裂 温湿度 茉莉甲酯 开裂腔 

分 类 号：Q944.58[生物学—植物学]