宪政式制衡还是多边化制度下的均衡?——基于结构与功能关系的WTO动态分析模型  

Constitutional Balance or Balance within a Multilateral Regime:A Dynamic Analysis of the WTO Based on the Relationship of Its Structure and Function

作　　者：钟付和[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学法学院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《现代法学》2009年第4期12-19,共8页Modern Law Science

摘　　要：西方学者主张的宪政模式论将WTO治理结构与国家政体进行理论上的比拟,倾向于将其塑造成宪政体制。宪政模式论能否成立,关键在于对WTO立法体制及争端解决机制(DSM)性质的理解。WTO立法体制的核心功能是协调,现有实践表明它是一个多边体制;同时,其争端解决机制地位从属于立法,在实证层次,WTO治理结构并不支持DSM的司法性质,DSM不可能构成宪政体制应有的司法之维;因此,虽然WTO某些法律功能具有内国宪法的特征,但总体上其治理结构的性质还不足以构成一个自足的宪政体系,宪政论的制衡模式观点难以在WTO的实践中成立。The constitutionalism cherished by the western scholars advocates a theoretical analogy of the structure of the WTO governance to that of a national country, holding that the regime should be reconstructed as a constitutional one. However, this article maintains that the success of the constitutionalism approach depends on how to perceive the essential meaning of the legislative mechanism as well as the DSM of the WTO. The core function of the WTO legislative regime is to coordinate and in practice the regime proves to be of multilateral character. Further, the status of the DSM is subordinate to the legislative mechanism and in the positive sense the governance structure of the WTO fails to justify the judicial nature of the DSM which cannot constitute a judicial branch as is required in the constitutional theory. As such, while some functions of the WTO bear the color of that a domestic constitution, in general the governance structure of the WTO is far from a self- reliance constitutional regime, which indicates that the constitutional positions can hardly be defended. Based on the legal sources of the WTO, this article proposes to use a dynamic model with multilateral equilibrium natures to analyze the exterior, intermediate and interior structures of the legislative mechanism of the WTO.

关 键 词：世界贸易组织 治理结构 宪政功能 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] F832.33[政治法律—法学]