甲醇-氨-空气多元爆炸性混合气体的爆炸特性与应用  

Explosion characteristics and applications of multicomponent explosive gas mixture consisting of CH_3OH,NH_3 and air

作　　者：胡锐[1] 吴小华[1] 翁雪香[1] 马静盟 胡耀元[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学化学系,浙江金华321004

出　　处：《化工学报》2009年第7期1866-1872,共7页CIESC Journal

摘　　要：对甲醇-氨-空气多元爆炸性混合气体的爆炸特性与爆炸形态进行了系统的研究,结果表明:甲醇-氨-空气(甲醇∶氨=1∶1.1)爆炸性混合气体的浓度爆炸极限为12.85%～45.25%;该爆炸性混合气体爆炸只有冷焰与爆燃2种形态,不会出现强烈的爆轰现象;氮气与水蒸气对甲醇-氨-空气爆炸性混合气体爆炸具有一定的惰化作用;氨对甲醇-空气爆炸性混合气体爆炸具有明显的阻尼效应,随着甲醇/氨的比值降低,其爆炸危险度、爆炸最高压力以及压力上升速率均会降低。用于指导甲醇氨氧化的工业生产的技术改造,具有抑爆效果好、防爆措施有力、生产能力大幅度增加、经济效益明显等特点。Systematic studies were carried out to investigate the explosion characteristics and morphology of the multicomponent explosive gas mixture CH3OH-NH3-air. It was found that the explosive limit of concentration of the gas mixture （CH3OH：NH3=1：1.1） was 12.85%-45.25%. There were only two explosion morphologies for the explosive gas mixture. One is cool flame, and the other is deflagration. Furthermore, strong detonation was not observed during the explosion experiments. N2 and steam did have some inert effect on the explosion of the explosive gas mixture, while NH3 had a clear damping effect on the explosion for the gas mixture with CH3OH and air. With the decrease of ratio of CH3OH to NH3, the degree of explosive danger, explosion maximum pressure and pressure rise rate decreased at the same time. The present work provides a good guidance for the technological upgrade of methanol ammoxidation in industrial production due to its good effectiveness of explosion suppression and powerful explosion-proof measure. It also has a potential application of methanol ammoxidation because of its substantial increase in productivity, low investment, rapid implementation, and high economic benefits.

关 键 词：甲醇氨氧化 浓度爆炸极限 爆炸形态 阻尼效应 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]