猪场废水灌溉对潮土硝态氮含量变化的影响  

Effects of irrigation with piggery wastewater on nitrate nitrogen dynamics in fluvio-aquatic soil

作　　者：杨军[1,2] 张蕾[3] 张克强[1] 王风[1] 黄治平[1] 李晓光[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部环境保护科研监测所,天津300191 [2]天津师范大学化学与生命科学学院,天津300387 [3]天津水工业工程设备有限公司,天津300070

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2009年第5期35-39,共5页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：“十一五”国家科技支撑计划课题(2006BAD17B02);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(农业部环保所)

摘　　要：该文应用猪场废水处理工艺中3个阶段的出水(原水—猪圈舍干清粪后冲洗直接流入积水池的水;厌氧水—原水经厌氧池处理后的出水;仿生态塘水—经曝气和植物吸收处理的厌氧水)与地下水1︰5(体积比)配比和厌氧水不同灌溉量进行冬小麦小区灌溉试验,通过监测土壤硝态氮含量动态变化和残留量筛选适宜的混合水类型和厌氧水灌溉量,为制定合理的猪场废水灌溉制度提供理论依据。试验结果表明:应用3种混合水灌溉0～100cm土壤剖面硝态氮含量随深度增加呈现"S"形变化趋势,小麦收获后各层土壤硝态氮含量均比初始值有所增加;收获后3种混合水灌溉处理0～100cm土层中的硝态氮累积量比拔节期均有很大增加,仿生态塘水︰地下水1︰5处理变化幅度最小,较适宜灌溉;厌氧水灌溉量与土壤中硝态氮淋溶量和残留量成正相关关系,中灌水量(500m3/hm2)较适宜。灌浆期灌水大大增加了收获后土壤中的硝态氮含量,灌浆期宜使用地下水灌溉。Effluent of three stages in piggery wastewater disposal process （raw water, effluent of anaerobic tank, effluent of ecological pond and groundwater） which was mixed with groundwater of 1：5 scale （volume ratio） and three irrigation amounts of effluent of anaerobic tank were applied to irrigate winter wheat. Through monitoring the nitrate nitrogen content dynamics and residual, a better type of water source and suitable irrigation amount were found in order to provide theoretical bases for formulating a scientific pattern of irrigation with piggery wastewater. The results showed that soil NO3-N content of a depth of 0- 100 cm soil profile decreased first, and then increased, and decreased finally with the increase of soil layer depth under three different treatments of mixed water. The concentrations of NO3-N in each soil layer after wheat harvest were higher than original NO3-N content. The content of accumulated NO3-N was significantly increased more after harvest than in jointing stage by irrigation with three different treatments of mixed water in a depth of 0-100 cm soil profile. And the variation of the content of accumulated NO3-N was the smallest in the treatment of eco-pond/groundwater （1：5）, so this water was suitable for irrigation. There was a positive correlation between irrigation with different amounts of anaerobic water and the leaching of NO3-N and NO3-N residual content, and the better was 500 m^3/hm^2 in this situation. The irrigation in grain filling stage may greatly increase the NO3^--N content in soil profile, so it is suitable for irrigation with groundwater in this period.

关 键 词：猪场废水 灌溉 农作物 土壤硝态氮 硝态氮残留量 冬小麦 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学] S275.6[农业科学—农业基础科学]