宁夏半冷式温棚内红地球葡萄延后栽培的小气候特征  

The microclimate features of prolong-autumn cultivation of the red globe in plastic greenhouse in Ningxia

作　　者：谭瑶[1] 张亚红[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《农业科学研究》2009年第2期1-6,共6页Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题"设施园艺结构提升及环境综合调控关键技术研究与示范"(2007BAD57B05);"设施果树;花卉节水高效生产关键技术研究与示范"课题(2007BAD57B05)

摘　　要：为了解宁夏第一栋半冷式温棚红地球葡萄延后栽培的小气候特征,对其进行为期2年的小气候观测,结果表明:①棚外最低气温为-21.7℃,棚内为-4.8℃;在20 cm土层,棚外最低地温为-5.0℃,棚内为-0.3℃,说明棚内葡萄枝蔓及根系直接越冬安全.②扣棚后,日平均温度高于10℃的日数持续到11月下旬,这对露地不能完熟的晚熟品种进一步成熟提供了良好的环境条件,如葡萄继续挂果活体保鲜,可延迟至12月上旬采收.③棚内气温在南北方向较均匀,东西方向靠近薄膜处受外界影响较大;在垂直方向上,气温一日内除14:00时变化较大外,其余时间较均匀.④红地球葡萄从萌芽到成熟所需的大于10℃活动积温在3400℃以上,由全年的温度测定,棚内≥10℃的积温为4415.2℃,表明此设施结构能够完全满足红地球葡萄生长发育的条件.In order to understand the microclimate features of the plastic greenhouse that growing the Red Globe and its growing characteristic of autumn-prolong cultivation, we observed the microclimate features of the plastic greenhouse that growing the Red Globe in Ningxia for two years. The result shows： 1. The lowest temperature that outside the greenhouse is --21. 7 ℃ and the lowest temperature within the greenhouse is --4.8 ℃, while at the height of 20cm below the ground, the lowest temperature outside the greenhouse is --5 ℃ and the lowest temperature within the greenhouse is --0.3 ℃, which illustrates that the branches and root system of the grapes in the greenhouse can pass winter safely. 2. When the plastic film is covered, the days that the average temperature higher than 10 ℃ will last by late November, which will continue to provide a good environment for the ripping of the late-ripen grape species. And if the fruits are still on the trees, the picking time can be delayed by early December. 3. The temperature is comparatively even from the south to the north, while it is affected by the outside from the east to the west that closes to the membrane, and in vertical direction, the temperature is even during the day except 14 o＇ clock. 4. The accumulated temperature that the Red Globe need above 10 ℃ is 3 400 ℃, while the temperature that within the greenhouse above 10 ℃ altogether is 4 415.20 ℃ during the whole year, which shows that the facility can fulfill the factors that the Red Globe need in growing.

关 键 词：小气候 半冷式温棚 延后栽培 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]