遥感与地理信息系统技术在洪湖市湿地钉螺分布研究中的应用  

The Application of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System Technology on the Study of Snail Distribution in Honghu Wetland

作　　者：肖锐[1,2] 王学雷[1] 王慧亮[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院测量与地球物理研究所,湖北武汉430077 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《湿地科学》2009年第2期175-180,共6页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40871251);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-141);湖北省卫生厅重点项目(XF2006B01)资助

摘　　要：血吸虫（Sehistosoma）是一种寄生虫，可以寄生在人体或动物体内，主要依靠钉螺（Oncomelania hupensis）繁殖。遥感技术作为一种监测手段，辅助地理信息系统空间分析，可以有效地对钉螺分布区进行监测和数据提取。运用阈值提取和空间分析的方法，对2001年洪湖市钉螺栖息地的分布情况进行了分析和研究。在归一化植被指数为0．2—0．3和穗帽湿度指数为7～13的阈值下，提取出可疑钉螺栖息地分布的数据，根据实际钉螺分布图对其进行精度评价，其正确率达到86．20％。82．77％的可疑钉螺栖息地分布在沟渠之中，这说明沟渠具有适合钉螺生长的最佳环境条件。遥感与地理信息系统技术相结合的研究方法对洪湖市钉螺分布监测具有可行性，可以作为血吸虫防治工作的新方法。Honghu wetland lies on the lower reaches of the Four - lake basin in the south of Hubei Province. In recent years, owning to the influence of wetland changes and the impacts of human activities, the schistosomiasis has spread in Honghu City at marvelous speed, which seriously hinders the economic development and influenced people＇ s normal lives. Consequently, taking appropriate measures to find snails and annihilate them is the first imperative to our society. Based on the Landsat ETM ＋ image of Honghu City on July 22, 2001 derived from China Remote Sensing Satellite Ground Station, the actual distribution map of snails in Four - lake basin in 2001 from Schistosomiasis Prevention Office of Hubei Province, and hydrological data of Honghu City in 2001 from Honghu Water Conservancy Bureau, the wetland distribution and suspicious snail habitats data of Honghu City in 2001 were extracted and analyzed with decision tree threshold segmentation method and geographic ilnformation system （GIS） spatial analysis method in this study. By supervised classification, the wetland was classified into 6 types： lake, river, paddy, floodplain, pool and ditch. The results showed that the suspicious snail habitats were mainly distributed in the areas where normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI） threshold was in the range of 0.2 to 0.3 and Tasseled Cap wetness index threshold between 7 and 13. The accuracy of the result was 86.20%. The results also showed that there exists close relationship between suspicious snail habitats and wetland distribution, 82.77% of the snails in the ditches and 5.22% of the snails in the paddy fields with line or net patterns along the ditches and the rivers and around lakes and pools. The factors affected environment of Snail habitats were temperature, plant height and wetness etc. It also indicated that predicting the snail habitat areas in Honghu City by GIS and remote sensing technique is available. The total area of suspicious snail habitats of Honghu City was 61.15 km^2 in 2001. T

关 键 词：钉螺 分布 遥感 地理信息系统 洪湖市湿地 

分 类 号：R383.24[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]