汶川大地震后灾区儿童青少年心理健康状况调查  

The Mental Health of Children and Adolescents from Earthquake Affected Areas

作　　者：司徒明镜[1] 张毅[1] 邹可[1] 高欣[1] 方慧[1] 景璐石[1] 王丹[1] 陈婷[1] 邱昌建[1] 孙学礼[1] 张伟[1] 黄颐[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西医院心理卫生中心,成都610041

出　　处：《四川大学学报（医学版）》2009年第4期712-715,723,共5页Journal of Sichuan University(Medical Sciences)

摘　　要：目的探讨5.12汶川大地震灾区11～16岁儿童青少年的心理健康状况及其影响因素,为创伤后心理危机干预提供依据。方法在地震发生后1个月,使用长处与困难问卷(SDQ)学生版,调查了540名来自于灾区的儿童青少年〔平均年龄(13.82±0.98)岁,男女比例1.06∶1〕的心理健康状况及其影响因素。结果①灾区儿童青少年SDQ总困难分平均为13.41±5.71,74.6%的儿童青少年报告自身存在主观困难;②暴露水平较高的儿童青少年其情绪因子得分较高(z=-2.323,P=0.020);③女性的情绪因子得分高于男性(z=-4.985,P=0.000);④困难对儿童青少年学习方面造成的影响随年龄增加(χ2=9.106,P=0.011);⑤SDQ总困难分受震后儿童青少年被转移至安全地点的间隔时间的影响,时间越长,该分值出现异常的危险性越大(OR=1.233,P=0.003)。结论震后灾区儿童青少年的心理健康状况受到暴露水平、性别、年龄以及震后被转移至安全地点的时间的影响,心理干预应综合考虑相关因素。Objective To examine the mental health status of 11-16 years old children exposed to the 5.12 WenChuan earthquake and to help develop post-traumatic psychological interventions. Methods The self-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire （SDQ）was administered to 540 children （mean age： 13. 82 ±0. 98, male/ female ratio 1.06 ： 1）from the earthquake affected areas one month after the earthquake. Results （1） The children had an average difficulty score（T score）of 13.41±k5.71, with 74.6% reporting at least minor perceived difficulties. （2） The children with higher levels of exposure had higher emotional subscale scores（z= -2. 323, P=0. 020）. （3） The female students had higher emotional subseale scores than the male students （z=-4. 985, P=0. 000）. （4） The impact of the difficulties on the children＇s learning increased with age（z= 9. 106, P= 0. 011）. （5） The longer the children lived in the transferred safe places,the more likely the children got an abnormal（OR = 1. 233, P= 0. 003） Conclusion The mental health status of the children from the earthquake affected areas are influenced by their exposure levels, gender, age and the length of living in transferred safe places. These factors should be taken into considerations when post-traumatic psychological interventions are planned.

关 键 词：地震 儿童青少年 长处与困难问卷(学生版) 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]