全国道路交通事故伤流行病学──1996年回顾  

Epidemiology of Road Traffic Trauma in China1996 in Retrospect

作　　者：王正国[1] 

机构地区：[1]第三军医大学附属大坪医院野战外科研究所

出　　处：《中华创伤杂志》1998年第4期242-246,共5页Chinese Journal of Trauma

摘　　要：目的对１９９６年全国道路交通事故伤的流行病学资料进行收集和分析。方法以国家公安部交通管理局发布的资料为依据，结合其他来源的资料，进行整理、分析和研究。结果（１）１９９６年交通事故上升势头略有减缓，但剧增的交通需求与滞后的道路建设间的矛盾仍很尖锐，全年道路交通事故共２８７６８５起、死７３６５５人、伤１７４４４７人，分别比１９９５年增加６％、３％和１０％。（２）９２．７％的交通事故是人为因素，同时交通事故中出现平直路线多、混合车道路多、高速公路多、夜间多的现象，说明交通安全意识和交通管理还存在问题。（３）春运期间，客货量增加，事故却较少；在一些省份，交通事故也有所减少。（４）老年人参加社会活动增多，交通伤也相应增多，应予以关注。结论尽管解决交通需求与道路建设间的矛盾是一个长期的任务，但加强交通管理和交通安全教育，可显著减少交通事故及其所致的伤亡。Aim The epidemiologic data of road traffic trauma (RTT) in China in 1996 were collected and analysed. Methods The data were gathered from the Traffic Administration Bureau and literature, then analysed and discussed.Results (1) The increasing tendency of road traffic accidents (RTA) in China in 1996 was a little bit depressed. However, the contradiction between rapidly increasing traffic requirements and slow highway construction is still very sharp. The amounts of RTA, deaths and the injured went up to 287 685, 73 655 and 174 447, respectively, i.e. increased by 6%, 3% and 10% in comparison with those in 1995. (2) 92.7% of RTA resulted from people's faults. In addition, there appeared increase of RTA in straight roads, mixed roads, express highways and night driving , indicating lack of effective traffic administration and traffic safety consciousness. (3) During the period of Spring Festival (February and March) transportation of passengers and goods increased significantly, but the incidence of RTA and the amount of deaths significantly decreased as before. In some provinces, RTA also reduced remarkably even the amount of motor vehicles increased. (4) With the increase of social activities for the elderly people, the RTT of old people increased either. Conclusion Even it is a long way to solve the contradiction between traffic requirements and road construction, improving traffic administration and traffic safety consciousness may significantly reduce RTA and RTT.

关 键 词：道路交通事故伤 流行病学 中国 交通事故伤 创伤 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]