选沙对水力侵蚀比尺模拟试验侵蚀过程相似的影响  

Effects of Model Material Selection on the Similarity of Erosion Processes in Hydraulic Erosion Simulation Experiment

作　　者：李书钦[1,2] 高建恩[1,2,3] 邵辉[3] 赵春红[3] 杨世伟[1,3] 梁改革[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,国家节水灌溉杨凌工程技术研究中心,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]西北农林科技大学,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2009年第3期6-10,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD09B01,2006BAD01B04);国家自然科学基金项目(50809056,40701092)

摘　　要：针对坡面水力侵蚀比尺模拟试验存在的选沙困难、侵蚀过程相似验证不充分的问题,在前人研究的基础上,就降雨条件下选沙对黄土坡面水力侵蚀比尺模拟试验侵蚀过程相似的影响进行了研究。结果表明,无论选用何种模型沙,当雨强比尺满足iλ=1lλ/2,土壤含水量比尺满足λθ=1,径流过程都满足相似;依据悬浮相似选择的模型沙,需检验其是否满足起动相似,利用经检验不满足起动相似的模型沙进行的试验,侵蚀过程也不满足相似;利用依据起动相似选择的模型沙进行的试验,侵蚀过程满足相似要求。黄土坡面水力侵蚀比尺模拟试验宜选用依据起动相似为主的选沙方法选择模型沙。In order to solve the problems on the difficulties in model material selection, based on the previous results, the authors made a study on the effects of model material selection on the similarity of erosion processes in hydraulic erosion simulation experiment. The results showed that： the runoff processes basically met the requirement of similarity as long as the boundary conditions, including that rainfall intensity met λi = 2λl^1/2, and soil water content met λθ = 1 etc. , were similar; Model material which been selected based on the suspension similitude rule should be verified whether it could meet the requirement of incipient motion similarity, model material which been verified couldn＇t meet the requirement of incipient motion similarity didn＇t meet the similarity of erosion processes; Model material which been selected based on the incipient motion similarity rule basically met the requirement of erosion processes similarity. It would be better to select model material based on the incipient motion similarity rule in water erosion simulation experiment on loess slop.

关 键 词：水力侵蚀 相似比尺 模拟试验 选沙 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]