石墨尾矿废弃地植被恢复过程中重金属和养分变化特征及相关性  

Correlation and Change between Soil Nutrient and Heavy Metal in Graphite Tailings Wasteland during Vegetation Restoration

作　　者：孙景波[1,2] 王笑峰[1,3] 刘春河[3] 赵雨森[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [2]黑龙江省科技厅,黑龙江哈尔滨150001 [3]黑龙江大学水电学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2009年第3期102-106,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：黑龙江省科技攻关项目(GA06B302-8)

摘　　要：以黑龙江省鸡西市柳毛石墨尾矿废弃地为研究区,对其土壤养分和重金属元素含量进行测定、分析。结果表明:石墨尾矿废弃地基质呈强碱性,养分极端贫瘠,有机质、全N、全P和速效性养分严重缺乏;Hg,Cd,Ni,Zn含量严重超标。植被修复后,各植物样地基质pH值略有降低,有机质、全N、速效N、速效K平均含量分别增加99.79%,190.62%,90.04%和41.69%;植被修复对降低基质重金属污染起到了一定作用,超标重金属由4种减少到3种,同时也造成了Cd和Ni含量的增加;胡枝子对降低基质中Cd,Ph,Ni,Cr含量效果良好;樟子松对降低基质As,Cu效果良好;旱柳降低Cd,Hg,Zn的能力高于其它树种;大果沙棘降低As,Hg效果良好。基质中重金属含量与养分指标含量之间表现出较强的负相关关系,超标重金属的存在阻碍了基质养分状况的改善。This paper chooses the graphite tailings wasteland of Liumao graphite mine in Jixi, Heilongjiang Province as the study area. The soil nutrients and heavy metal elements were determined and analyzed. Resuits are as the following： Tailings graphite matrix is strongly alkaline, the nutrient content of matrix is extremely disproportionate, and organic matter, total N ,total P and available nutrients are in extreme deficiency while Hg, Cd, Ni, Zn content exceeding the average seriously. The vegetation restoration processes slightly decrease the pH value of the matrix. Organic matter, total N, available N, and available K content increase by an average of 99.79%, 190.62%, 90. 04% and 41.69% separately. The vegetation restoration processes play a certain role in reducing heavy metal pollution, excessive heavy metals reduce to three from four. But the vegetation restoration also result in the increase of Cd and Ni content. Lespedeza bicolor effectively reducing the Cd,Ph,Ni,Cr content, Pinus sylvestris has a good effect on reducing As,Cu content, Salix matsudana has a good effect on reducing Cd, Hg, Zn content, Hippophae rhamnoide achieved good effects on reducing As, Hg content. There was a obvious negative correlation between heavy metal content and nutrient content, the existence of excessive heavy metals hindered the improvement of nutrient status.

关 键 词：石墨矿废弃地 重金属 土壤养分 植被恢复 

分 类 号：S158.4[农业科学—土壤学]