赤水河下游不同林地类型土壤物理特性及其水源涵养功能  

Physical Characteristics of Soil and Function of Soil and Water Conservation for Three Main Forest Land Types in the Lower Reaches of Chuishuihe River

作　　者：丁访军[1,2] 王兵[1] 钟洪明 潘明亮[4] 母永秋 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态与环境保护研究所,北京100091 [2]贵州省林业科学研究院,贵州贵阳550005 [3]赤水市葫市楠竹林场,贵州赤水567404 [4]贵州大学,贵州贵阳550000

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2009年第3期179-183,231,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家林业局公益项目子项目(200704005/WB03);国家林业局重点项目(2008-17)

摘　　要：对赤水河下游地区毛竹林、杉木林和马尾松林的土壤容重、孔隙度、枯落物累积量与持水量以及林地土壤贮水性能等进行了研究。结果表明,不同林分类型的土壤容重和土壤孔隙度差异明显,且土壤容重均随土壤深度的增加而不断增加,土壤总孔隙度与毛管孔隙度均随土壤深度的增加而不断减小;杉木林(1.52 g/cm3)与马尾松林(1.54 g/cm3)平均土壤容重是毛竹林(1.18 g/cm3)的约1.3倍,土壤总孔隙度为:毛竹林>马尾松林>杉木林,非毛管孔隙度为:毛竹林>杉木林>马尾松林;枯落物持水量表现为杉木林(18.01 t/hm2)>马尾松林(14.04 t/hm2)>毛竹林(10.59 t/hm2);土壤平均最大蓄水量为:毛竹林(878.92 t/hm2)>马尾松林(652.80 t/hm2)>杉木林(643.18t/hm2),非毛管蓄水量为毛竹林(49.32 t/hm2)>杉木林(34.65 t/hm2)>马尾松(33.77 t/hm2),平均土壤稳渗速率为:毛竹林>杉木林>马尾松林;根据林地总贮水量的大小,水源涵养能力依次为:毛竹林(889.51 t/hm2)>马尾松林(666.84 t/hm2)>杉木林(661.19 t/hm2)。在相同的立地条件下,毛竹林的水源涵养功能最好。Soil bulk density, soil porosity, litter accumulation, moisture capacity of litter and water holding capacity of the forest land for Moso bamboo forests, Chinese fir forests and Masson pine forests in the lower reaches of Chishuihe river were studied. Results indicate that there are great differences in soil bulk density and soil porosity for the three different forest types; soil bulk density increases with the increase in soil depth for all the forests; total soil porosity and capillary porosity both decrease with the increase in soil depth; the average soil bulk density of Chinese fir forests（1.52 g/cm^3） and Masson pine forests（1.54 g/cm^3） is about 1. 3 times that of Moso bamboo forests（1.18 g/cm^3） ; the total soil porosity of Moso bamboo forests is biggest and that of Chinese fir forests is the smallest; the non-capillary porosity of Moso bamboo forests is the biggest, that of Masson＇s pine forests the smallest; moisture capacity of litter for Chinese fir forests, Masson pine forests and Moso bamboo forests is 18.01 t/hm^2 , 14.04 t/hm^2 and 10.59 t/hm^2 respectively; the average level of maximum water holding quantity of soil for Moso bamboo forests, Masson pine forests and Chinese fir forests is 878.92 t/hm^2 , 652.80 t/hm^2 , and 643.18 t/hm^2 respectively; non-capillary water holding quantity of soil for Moso bamboo forests, Chinese fir forests and Masson pine forests is 49.32 t/hm^2, 34. 65 t/hm^2 and 33.77 t/hm^2 respectively; the average stable permeability rate of soil of Moso bamboo forests is the biggest and that of Masson＇s pine forests is the smallest; the function of soil and water conservation of Moso bamboo forests, Masson＇s pine forestsand Chinese fir forests is 889.51 t/hm^2, 666.84 t/hm^2 and 661. 19 t/hm^2 based on the total water holding quantity of the forest land. The function of soil and water conservation for Moso bamboo forests is the best under the same site condition.

关 键 词：赤水河下游 林分类型 水源涵养 土壤渗透性能 

分 类 号：S714.7[农业科学—林学] S727.21