水肥处理对黄瓜土壤养分、酶及微生物多样性的影响  

Effects of different water and fertilizer supply on cucumber soil nutrient content,enzyme activity,and microbial diversity

作　　者：韦泽秀[1] 梁银丽[1,2] 井上光弘[3] 周茂娟[1] 黄茂林[1] 古建锋[1] 吴燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院/水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]日本鸟取大学干燥地研究中心

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2009年第7期1678-1684,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程项目(KZCX2-XB2-05-01);中日合作JSPS"中国内陆沙漠化防治及农业替代技术研究"项目资助

摘　　要：以津优1号黄瓜为试材,设3个土壤相对含水量水平(50%～60%、70%～80%、90%～100%)和2个肥料追施量(600kgN·hm-2和420kgP2O5·hm-2,420kgN.hm-2和294kgP2O5·hm-2)处理,研究了不同水肥供应对日光温室黄瓜土壤养分、酶活性及微生物多样性的影响.结果表明:土壤中NH4+-N含量随施肥量的增加而提高,随土壤相对含水量的增加而降低;水肥供给的增加有利于提高土壤中速效磷含量和蔗糖酶活性;肥料增加使土壤中蛋白酶活性降低,而水分降低使土壤中脲酶活性提高.土壤中微生物多样性与土壤中养分含量无显著相关性,与土壤脲酶活性呈显著正相关,与蔗糖酶活性呈显著负相关.土壤相对含水量70%～80%、氮肥追施量600kgN·hm-2和420kgP2O5.hm-2处理的土壤养分含量、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶和脲酶活性较高,且土壤中微生物多样性和均匀度显著高于其他处理,土壤生产潜力最优.With cucumber （ Cucumis sativus L. ） variety Jinyou 1 as test material, a greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effects of different water and fertilizer supply on the cucumber soil nutrient content, enzyme activity, and microbial diversity. Three water regimes （50%-60%, 70%-80%, and 90%-100% soil relative moisture content） and two fertilization practices （600 kg N·hm^-2 ＋ 420 kg P2O5 ·hm^-2 and 420 kg N ·hm^-2 ＋ 294 kg P2O5·hm^-2） were designed. The increase of water and fertilizer supply benefited the increase of soil available P content and suerase activity. Increasing fertilization rate increased soil NH4^＋ -N content but decreased soil protease activity, and increasing soil relative moisture content decreased the soil NH4^＋ -N content and urease activity. Soil microbial diversity had no significant correlations with soil nutrient contents, but significantly positively correlated with soil urease activity and negatively correlated with soil sucrase activity. Among the treatments, the treatment 70%,80% soil relative moisture content ＋ 600 kg N ·hm^-2 and 420 kg P2O5·hm^-2 had the highest soil nutrient contents, soil urease, sucrase, and phosphatase activities, and soil microbial diversity and evenness, being the best in soil potential productivity.

关 键 词：水肥耦合 土壤酶 SHANNON-WIENER指数 均匀度 

分 类 号：S642.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]