“封”——中国长城起源另说  

"Feng",Origin of the Great Wall

作　　者：张玉坤[1] 李哲[1] 李严[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津大学建筑学院,天津300072

出　　处：《天津大学学报（社会科学版）》2009年第4期318-322,共5页Journal of Tianjin University：Social Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50578105);国家建设部2008年科学技术基金资助项目(2008-k9-20);国家教育部博士点基金资助项目(200800561088)

摘　　要：中国长城的起源一直是学术界长期争论、悬而未决的焦点问题。对目前关于长城起源的四种主要观点:"楚方城"说、"列城"说、"城"说和"堤"说进行了分析,认为这些说法虽各有见地,但亦有其片面性和局限性。纵观夏、商、周及春秋战国各历史时期,华夏大地经历了国之数量由多变寡、国之疆域由小变大的历史进程,至秦始皇灭六国才形成了大一统的中华帝国。在这一历史进程中,天子自封及其赐封各诸侯国的疆域皆用土封,即在边界"沟、封树之";秦长城可以认为是秦之北疆最大的"封"。据此,提出中国古代的"封"是长城最初形态的新观点。Origin of the Great Wall has been a pending debate for a long period in academic community. There are four different viewpoints about this issue. Some believe that the Great Wall was cradled at the ＂Chu Fang-eheng＂ （ square fortification） of the Chn State in the Warring States Period. Others think that ＂Lie-cheng＂ （forts which were established in series） is the beginning of the Great Wall. Still others hold the point that the Great Wall originated from city walls or dike or levee. Although all these points look reasonable, they are one-sided and have limitations. In ancient China, the number of states decreased through Xia Dynasty to the Warring States period. During the same period, the territories of these states had been extending till Qin Dynasty. Qin Shi-huang Emperor defeated the other six hegemonie states and brought all of China under one rule. In the process of land transferring, such as merging or conferring, the earth conquered by an emperor or the lands granted to states later in this empire were all surrounded with ＂feng＂ （ramparts）. That is, the frontier consisted of ditch, dike and trees on the dike. So the Qin Great Wall could be regarded as the largest Feng along the northern boundaries of Qin Dynasty; the Great Wall of China took its rise from Feng.

关 键 词：长城起源 楚方城 列城 城 堤 封 

分 类 号：TU-86[艺术—艺术设计]