镜泊湖大型底栖动物群落调查  

Investigation on Macrozoobenthos Community in Jingpo Lake

作　　者：刘曼红[1] 马成学[1] 左彦东 蔡会丽 于洪贤 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学野生动物资源学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [2]牡丹江市环境监测中心站,黑龙江牡丹江157000

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2009年第4期1-7,共7页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30670350);黑龙江省攻关项目(GC06C20601)

摘　　要：2006年春、夏、秋3个季节对镜泊湖大型底栖动物群落特征和生物多样性进行了调查研究。结果表明,镜泊湖大型底栖动物主要隶属于3门、9科、26种。其中水栖寡毛类2科、8属、11种,为绝对优势类群,其密度呈现季节性差异,在春季最高(951.45个/m2),夏季最低(706.40个/m2);其次,优势类群为水生昆虫,夏季密度最高(840.26个/m2),秋季最低(319.47个/m2)。霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)和前突摇蚊(Procladiussp.)幼虫等耐污种为底栖动物的优势种,同时也是镜泊湖水体污染的指示生物。底栖动物群落的Shannon-Wiener指数(H′)和Pielou均匀度指数(J)都表现为春季最大,夏季次之,秋季最小;Margalef物种丰富度指数(d)在各季节差异不大;Simpson优势度指数(D)和BI指数都表现为秋季最大,夏季次之,春季最小。采用Shannon-Wiener指数和BI指数对该水体污染状况进行了评价,该湖区水质污染程度为轻度-中度污染状态。Community characteristics and species diversity of macrozoobenthos in Jingpo Lake were investigated in spring, summer and autumn, 2006, and the water quality was assessed with Shannon-Wiener index （H＇） and biotic index （BI）. There were 26 species of macrozoobenthos found in Jingpo Lake. Among them, 1 lspecies belongs to Oligochaeta. Oligochaeta dominated in all the 3 seasons, with the density of 951.45 ind./m^2 in spring, 706.40 ind./m^2 in summer and 852.98 ind./m^2. The density of aquatic insect larva was 675.61 ind./m^2 in spring, 840. 26 ind./m^2 in summer and 319.47 ind./m^2 in autumn. The density of mollusa was 60.00 ind./m^2 in spring, 56.00 ind./m^2 in summer and 68.00 ind./m^2 in autumn. Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and Procladius sp. , both are pollution tolerance species, were dominant species among the macrozoobenthos fauna in Jingpo Lake. The Shannon- Wiener diversity index （H＇） and Pielou evenness index（J）was highest in spring （3.17 and 0.57, respectively）, next in summer （ 1.65 and 0.33, respectively）, and lowest in autumn （ 1.06 and 0.22, respectively）. The Margalef species abundance index （d） ranged from 0.22 （ summer and autumn） to 0.28 （spring）. The Simpson index （D） was highest in autumn （0.37）, next in summer （0.29） and lowest in spring （0. 16）. According to the Shannon-Wienner diversity index （H＇） and biotic index （ BI）, the water quality of Jingpo Lake are in status of light-moderate pollution.

关 键 词：镜泊湖 大型底栖动物 群落结构 生物多样性 水质评价 

分 类 号：Q178.14[生物学—水生生物学]