冷凉气候区‘寒富’苹果及其亲本光合特性的研究  

Studies on the Photosynthetic Characteristics of 'Hanfu' Apple in Cool Climate Regions

作　　者：赵德英[1] 吕德国[1,2] 刘国成[1,2] 秦嗣军[1,2] 马怀宇[1,2] 成文博[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学园艺学院,沈阳110161 [2]沈阳农业大学北方果树育种与生理生态研究所,沈阳110161

出　　处：《园艺学报》2009年第7期945-952,共8页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：辽宁省自然科学基金项目(20082121);农业部‘948’项目(2006-G28);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(ny-hyzx07-024);辽宁省农业攻关计划项目(2008204003);沈阳市科技攻关项目(1071154-3-00)

摘　　要：以‘寒富’苹果及其亲本‘东光’和‘富士’为试材,应用CIRAS-1型便携式光合系统,研究了天气、季节和叶位对其光合特性的影响。结果表明:‘寒富’苹果及其亲本叶片净光合速率(Pn)的日变化晴天呈典型的双峰曲线,最高峰(13.47、12.46和11.21μmol.m-2.s-1)出现在10:00左右,次高峰(11.92、9.84和10.94μmol.m-2.s-1)出现在14:00左右,中午有明显的"午休"现象;阴天为单峰曲线,峰值(11.0、10.2和10.3μmol.m-2.s-1)出现在12:00左右,日平均Pn分别比晴天低2.28、2.73和2.86μmol.m-2.s-1;Pn的季节变化呈不对称双峰曲线,主峰出现在7月上旬,次峰出现在9月上旬;‘寒富’苹果新梢不同节位叶片的Pn呈由低至高的变化趋势,枝条中上部的叶片Pn较大。‘寒富’苹果及其亲本‘东光’和‘富士’的光补偿点(LCP)分别为(5.9±1.8)、(21.1±1.4)和(9.05±2.1)μmol.m-2.s-1;饱和光强(SL)分别为(1665±20)、(1418±131)和(1300±56.6)μmol.m-2.s-1;CO2补偿点(CCP)分别为(87.5±1.4)、(84.2±5.9)和(59.5±7.5)μmol.mol-1;饱和CO2(SC)分别为(2961±41)、(1572±166)和(1381±23)μmol.mol-1。‘寒富’苹果利用强光和弱光的能力均强于其亲本,表现出喜光耐荫的特性。With ‘Hanfu’ apple and its parents ‘Dongguang’ and ‘Fuji’ apples as the materials, the effects of weather conditions, seasonal factors and leaf position on the photosynthetic characteristics were studied by using CIRAS-1 Portable Photosynthesis System. The results showed that diurnal change of net photosynthetic rate （Pn） of leaves in ＇ Hanfu＇ apple and its parents was a typical bimodal curve in a sunny day, with twopeaks （13.47, 12.46, 11.21 μmol·m^-1·s^-1 and 11.92, 9.84, 10.94 μmol·m^-1·s^-1, respectively） appeared at 10：00 and 14： 00, respectively. And obvious ‘noon rest’ phenomenon of Pn happened in daytime. As far as that was in a cloudy day, the curve changed into unimodal, with the peak （ 11.0, 10.2 and 10. 3μmol·m^-1·s^-1） appeared at around 12： 00, and the diurnal mean P, were 2.28, 2.73 and 2.86μmol·m^-1·s^-1 below the sunny day. The seasonal variation of Pn of leaves in ‘ Hanfu’ apple and its parents were found as an unsymmetrical double-peak curve, with two peaks appeared in the early July and September, respectively. The variation of Pn in leaves at different nodes on new shoots was a parabola type curve, and those at the upper and middle nodes were higher than that of lower nodes. The light compensation point （LCP） of leaves in ＇ Hanfu＇ apple and its parents were （5.9 ± 1.8）, （21.1 ± 1.4） and （9.05 ±2. 1 ） μmol·m^-1·s^-1, and the saturation point （LSP） were （1 665 ±20） , （1 418 ± 131 ） and （1 300 ±56.6） μmol·m^-1·s^-1, respectively. The CO2 compensation point （CCP） were （87.5 ± 1.4） , （ 84. 2 ± 5. 9） and （59.5 ±7.5） μmol ·mol^-1, and the saturation point （SC） were （2 961 ±41）, （1 572 ± 166） and （1 381±23） μmol·mol^-1 respectively. The photosynthetic capacity of ‘ Hanfu’ apple was stronger than that of its parents in both high and low light conditions to indicate that ‘Hanfu’ apple was a photophil and shade-tolerant plants.

关 键 词：苹果 冷凉气候区 品种 光合特性 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学] Q945[农业科学—园艺学]