清代南方山区的水土流失及其防治措施  

RESEARD ON SOLI EROSION AND PROTECTION MEASURE AGAINST IT IN EHT SONTHERN MOUNTAIOUS AREA IN THE QING DYNASTY

作　　者：张芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农科院中国农业遗产研究室

出　　处：《中国农史》1998年第2期50-61,共12页Agricultural History of China

摘　　要：清代在巨大的人口压力下，对南方山区的自然资源过度开发，由是产生了严重的水土流失现象。本文分析了造成水土流失的人为原因：砍伐林木垦荒和陡坡种植扩大耕地是水土流失加剧的主要原因，手工业和采矿业的发展，以及大量樵采和军事行动造成的水土流失也不可忽视。文中还揭示了水土流失的严重危害，总结了山区采取的各种水土保持措施。提出要“以史为鉴”，山区开发应走生态系统、经济系统、社会系统协调持续发展的道路。Under the immense population pressure, serious soil erosion emerged because of the over-exploitation of natural resources in the Southern mountainous areas in the Qing dynasty. The anther points out that felling trees for cultivating wasteland and planting at steep hills are the thief teasons of soil erosion, and at the same time the development of handicraft and mining as well as tree-chopping and military activities should not be neglected. The paper also reveals its serious damage, summarizes various measures of soil conservation, and proposes that the developmet of mountainous areas should take a concert and continuous route of ecosystem, economic system and social system.

关 键 词：水土流失 防治措施 南方山区 清代 

分 类 号：S－092.49[农业科学]