氮素形态对小麦花后干物质积累与分配的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Forms on Wheat Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution after Blooming

作　　者：尹飞[1] 陈明灿[1] 刘君瑞[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学农学院,河南洛阳471003

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2009年第13期78-81,共4页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：河南科技大学博士科研启动基金(09001273)

摘　　要：为探明氮素形态对小麦生育后期干物质生产特性的影响,采用随机区组试验研究了铵态氮、硝态氮和酰胺态氮3种氮素形态处理下小麦花后干物质积累与分配的特性,结果表明:(1)小麦花后籽粒干重及地上部总干重随生育进程不断增加,而旗叶、穗下节、穗下鞘、颖壳的干重均随着生育进程呈下降趋势;(2)氮素形态对小麦花后干物质积累与分配有显著影响。硝态氮处理下小麦花后地上部总干物质量最高,并且随着生育进程,干物质在旗叶、穗下节、穗下鞘、颖壳中分配比例降低,在籽粒中的分配比例高于其他2个处理。(3)铵态氮、硝态氮和酰胺态氮3种氮素形态处理下小麦产量分别为7250.0,7575.3和7156.2kg/hm2。在此试验条件下,硝态氮处理增产效果最佳,较酰胺态氮处理增产5.8%。In order to determine the effects of nitrogen forms on the character of dry mater production in wheat later growth stage, wheat dry matter accumulation and distribution after blooming under there nitrogen forms treatments, i.e. ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and amide nitrogen, were studied using random block experiment design. The results showed that after wheat blooming, with the growth process moving forward, the wheat grain dry weight and aboveground dry matter increased continually. However, the dry weight of flag leaf, peduncle and sheath below spike, and glume decreased continually during the same period. The results also showed that nitrogen forms have a significant effect on wheat dry matter accumulation and distribution after blooming. The total aboveground dry matter was highest under nitrate nitrogen treatment. And the distribution rate of dry matter in flag leaf, peduncle and sheath below spike, and glume was lowest and in grain was highest under nitrate nitrogen among three treatments. Meanwhile, the nitrogen forms have a great effect on wheat yield. The yield was 7575.3 kg/hm^2, 7250.5kg/hm^2, and 7156.2 kg/hm^2 under the treatment of nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and amide nitrogen, respectively. In this study, application nitrate nitrogen fertilizer had the finest effort on yield and had an increase by 5.8% in wheat yield than that under amide nitrogen treatment.

关 键 词：氮素形态 小麦 干物质 积累 分配 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S143.1