儿童非典型性肺炎病原及治疗  

Etiology of atypical pneumonia and treatment in children

作　　者：万莉雅[1] 陈晓颖[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津儿童医院,天津300074

出　　处：《临床儿科杂志》2009年第7期608-611,共4页Journal of Clinical Pediatrics

摘　　要：非典型性肺炎包括支原体肺炎、衣原体肺炎和军团菌肺炎等。它们是儿童社区获得性肺炎(CAP)中的重要病因,而且各具临床特点。由于三种病原的独特生物学特征,均对大环内酯类抗生素有效,特别是新型大环内酯类抗生素——阿奇霉素以其诸多优越性成为很多临床医师首选。对支原体肺炎引起的全身炎性反应综合征可予皮质激素或丙球治疗;考虑有混合病毒或细菌感染时,应同时给予相应的抗微生物治疗。非典型性肺炎病原体均对呼吸道上皮细胞有损害,可逃避气道纤毛清除功能,在体内长期存留。故抗生素治疗时限应相对较长,过早停药易复发。Atypical pneumonia includes Mycoplasma pneumonia, Chlamydia pneumonia and Legionella pneumonia. They are the important causes of community-acquired pneumonia （CAP） and have different clinical characteristics. Because the three atypical organisms have the unique biologic structure, macrolide agent treatment is useful for all of them. New macrolide agent, such as azithromycin, is becoming a first line therapy choice. Administration of glucocorticoid and immunoglobulin is necessary in systemic inflammatory response syndrome （SIRS） associated with MP pneumonia. When atypical pneumonia is combined with other virus or bacterial infections, the corresponding antibiotics should be administrated. Atypical organisms can damage the epithelial cells of airway and can avoid to be removed by cilia in a long time, so prolonged antibiotic treatment is important to prevent relapse.

关 键 词：非典型性肺炎 肺炎支原体 儿童 大环内酯类抗生素 治疗 

分 类 号：R725.6[医药卫生—儿科]