组学时代的表观遗传学研究的机遇和挑战  

EPIGENETIC(-OMIC) PERSPECTIVES OF LIFE SCIENCES:CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

作　　者：朱景德[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学,上海市肿瘤研究所,癌基因及相关基因国家重点实验室肿瘤表观遗传和基因治疗课题组,上海200032

出　　处：《中国科学基金》2009年第4期196-202,共7页Bulletin of National Natural Science Foundation of China

摘　　要：表观遗传学(epigenetics)是诠释可遗传的基因表达记忆的建立和细胞代间传递的、而并非由DNA排序决定的机制的一门学科。从有着深刻内涵的生物学过程:生殖,发育,老年化和重大疾病着手,解读这一位于基因型和表型之间乃至基因型和环境关联之间信息界面的组构和运营规律是今天生命科学研究的核心内容。以高信息量技术为依托,以发现(discovery)而非假设(hypothesis)驱动的组学时代的研究模式已赋予传统表观遗传学研究以新的活力。美国已启动的1.9亿美元/5年的表观遗传组学NIH路标图计划和全球筹化中的正常与疾病表观遗传组学计划必将推动表观遗传信号、机制和生物学效应进程的诠释,继而对生物医学和现代化农业的发展给予有力的推动,同时赋予小科学研究的组学化特征。可以预期,系统全面的表观遗传学研究会对个性化医学、干细胞技术为基础的再生医学、环境医学和优良性状、高产经济物种的培育等关键生物学问题提供解决方案。我们应充分发挥优势,抓住表观遗传(-组)学中核心的生物学问题,开展有原始创新并能对国计民生发生巨大影响的科学研究。Epigenetics concerns both establishment and transmission of the transcription memory through cell division （mitosis） and generation （meiosis） without involvement of changes in DNA sequence. It has been the mainstay in today＇s research in life science, to descipher the mechanistic details at the epigenetie interface that sits between the genotype and phenotype on one hand and between the genotype and environments on another in the biological processes during the production, development, aging and disease states of living organisms. Both the high-informative platform technologies and the discovery driven（rather than hypothesis driven）philosophy that are formed in the genome era is vitalizing the epigenetic studies today. Both recent launch of the US NIH epigenome Roadmap program with a budge tag 190 million USD and the efforts for the worldwide collective program to cataloguing and interpreting epigenetic aspects of genome, cell and whole organisms are experted to ultimately improve the well beings of human society. It is our obligation to carry out the epigenetic （-omic） innovative researches with novelty from both fundamental and translational perspectives to meet the needs of our society.

关 键 词：表观遗传(-组)学 染色质 发育 疾病 干细胞 DNA甲基化 组蛋白修饰 非编码RNA 染色质重塑 核内三维结构 

分 类 号：Q34[生物学—遗传学]