仿生非光滑理论在钻井工程中的应用与前景  

Application and prospect of bionic non-smooth theory in drilling engineering

作　　者：高科[1,2,3] 孙友宏[3] 高润峰[4] 徐良[3] 王传留[3] 李玉民[2] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学地面机械仿生技术教育部重点实验室 [2]中原石油勘探局钻井管具工程处 [3]吉林大学建设工程学院 [4]中国石化华北分公司镇泾采油厂

出　　处：《石油勘探与开发》2009年第4期519-522,540,共5页Petroleum Exploration and Development

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划"863"项目(2006AA06Z221);国家自然科学基金重点项目(50635030);中原油田重大科技博士后基金项目(2007311)

摘　　要：仿生学是一门可与很多学科交叉的边缘性学科,同样与钻井工程技术的融合也将产生创新性成果。在分析仿生非光滑表面减阻、防黏和耐磨特性的基础上,将该理论引入到钻头设计中,研制仿生金刚石钻头。以蜣螂为仿生原形,设计孕镶金刚石钻头的工作层,使工作层底唇面始终具有相同的非光滑形态,始终保持高钻速和长寿命,突显出仿生金刚石钻头的高效率、耐磨和减阻特点。试验结果表明,仿生钻头较普通钻头钻速提高44%、使用寿命增加74%。此外,仿生非光滑表面结构所具有的各种特性可用于改善钻井工程中相对运动的摩擦或滑动部件的使用寿命和工作环境,如可提高钻头、钻杆接头、泥浆泵活塞和缸套的耐磨性,解决钻头泥包问题,减少螺旋钻具和冲击挤密矛头阻力等,应用前景广阔。Bionics is a subject which can interact with many disciplines including the drilling engineering. On the basis of analyzing the properties of bionic non-smooth surface, the non smooth theory is applied in the bit design to develop the bionic diamond bit. The dung beetle is selected as bionic prototype in this paper to design the working layer of an impregnated diamond bit, which makes the bottom surface always keep the same non-smooth shape and makes the bionic bit maintain a high penetration rate and long-life to underline their high efficiency, wear and resistance reduction properties. Tests show that the bionic bit improves the drilling speed and lifetime by 44% and 74%, respectively, compared with a common bit. In addition, the bionic non-smooth surface structure has an extensive application prospect in drilling engineering, due to its properties of wear, anti-sticking and resistance reduction. It can be applied to improve the wear performance of bit, pipe joint, cylinder liner and piston of mud pump, and to solve the bit balling and reduce the resistance of spiral drills and impact spearhead.

关 键 词：仿生学 非光滑理论 仿生金刚石钻头 应用前景 

分 类 号：P634.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]