县域生态环境脆弱性评价及其动态分析——以黄河三角洲垦利县为例  

Assessment and dynamic changes of environmental vulnerability at county level:a case study in Kenli County of the Yellow River Delta,China

作　　者：王瑞燕[1] 赵庚星[1] 周伟[2] 姜曙千[1] 秦元伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学资源与环境学院,泰安271018 [2]河海大学计算机及信息工程学院,南京210098

出　　处：《生态学报》2009年第7期3790-3799,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40571160);国家级"星火计划"重点资助项目(2007EA740002);国家科技部"十一五"科技支撑计划资助项目(2006BAD10A10)

摘　　要：县域是中国同时具备地域、空间和行政独立性的最基本区域单元,科学评价该尺度生态环境脆弱性状况及变化具有积极的理论和现实意义。以典型生态环境脆弱区黄河三角洲垦利县为例,在对生态环境脆弱性主要属性重新界定基础上,分别从稳定性、敏感性和区域适应性3个方面选取评价指标构建指标体系,建立了评价模型,并对该县1986～2003年的生态环境脆弱性发展变化进行了动态分析。研究结果显示:垦利县生态环境不稳定;1986～2003年期间,垦利县生态环境敏感性总体呈下降趋势,区域适应性总体呈上升趋势。偏相关分析方法对垦利县生态环境自然因子的敏感性排序结果为地下水埋深>蒸降比>地下水矿化度>气温,确定地下水埋深、蒸降比和地下水矿化度为该区生态环境自然敏感因子。垦利县区域适应性的"障碍度"计算结果表明:盐碱地治理比例始终是第一障碍因素;农田防护林密度的限制集中出现在1995～1998年之间;化肥农药增长率自2000年以后成为主要障碍因素;有效灌溉面积比率和排涝体系面积比例的限制在1990年之前出现。研究结论认为,垦利县生态环境脆弱度呈现降低趋势,但仍处于脆弱状态,需重点关注敏感因素和障碍因素的发展变化。研究表明,该评价方法可体现出县域生态环境脆弱性的根本原因及其发展变化过程,是对目前国内生态环境脆弱性研究领域的有益补充。The environmental vulnerability has been the issue in the field of international environment, but such domestic study is few. As county is the basic regional units characterized with regional, spatial and administrational independenee in china, assessment of the environmental vulnerability at county level is a matter of importance. Based on the requirement of environment management, focused on county level, this paper clarified the attribute of environmental vulnerability, selected evaluation indexes from three aspects of stability, sensitivity and applicability, and established the evaluation models so as to systematically assess environmental vulnerability within county area. The results indicated that the environmental stability of Kenli County was instable, the environmental sensitivity appeared a descend trend and the environmental adaptability showed an uptrend as a whole during 1986 -2003. The partial correlation method was adopted to analyze the natural factor sensitivity of Kenli County, and their sensitivity sequence was that the groundwater level 〉 evaporation and precipitation ratio 〉 groundwater salinity 〉 air temperature. Therefore, the natural sensitive factors of the study area were determined as the former three. The results of obstacle degree of regional adaptability indicated that the saline-alkali soil amelioration rate was the most important appeared during 1995 effective irrigation area obstacle factor during 1986 -2003, the restriction of the -1998, and the pesticide and fertilization application became ratio and the drainage system area ratio raised as the problem farmland sheher-forest density the main obstacle since 2000, before 1990. The conclusions mainly and the are that the environmental vulnerability of Kenli County is declining, but still in vulnerable state. At the same time, Kenli County should put the emphases on the development of the sensitive and obstacle factors. The assessment method can find the fundamental reasons and the development process of the County environm

关 键 词：县域 稳定性 敏感性 适应性 生态环境脆弱性 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]