日粮结构对羊瘤胃原虫种群及吞噬速率的影响  

Effects of Dietary Structure on Protozoal Profile and Grazing Rate in Rumen of Goats

作　　者：王梦芝[1] 喻礼怀[1] 王洪荣[1] 张洁[1] 卢占军[2] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学动物科学与技术学院,江苏扬州225009 [2]扬州大学兽医医学学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《中国畜牧杂志》2009年第13期27-32,共6页Chinese Journal of Animal Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30771567)

摘　　要：本文以4只瘤胃瘘管山羊为试验动物,研究碳水化合物结构对山羊瘤胃发酵、原虫种群结构及吞噬速率的影响。设置精粗比为10∶90、30∶70、50∶50、70∶30的4种日粮(A、B、C、D组),其干物质中中性洗涤纤维(NDF)分别为54.87%、44.23%、33.72%、23.23%。采用4×4拉丁方设计,使用荧光标记细菌技术测定原虫吞噬细菌的速率。结果表明:日粮结构影响瘤胃发酵,以B组微生物活力较强、NDF降解率较高、pH也相对稳定;原虫吞噬速率与日粮NDF含量间呈三次方曲线关系(Y=-0.183065X2-0.003092X3+467.117113,R2=0.86795)。吞噬速率与细菌(原虫)密度呈负(正)相关关系,方程为Y=445.514-3.078X1+1.864X(2R2=0.839、Y为吞噬速率;X1和X2为细菌和原虫密度)。日粮结构显著影响原虫种群结构,内毛虫和等毛虫随NDF含量降低而增高,而双毛虫和头毛虫则相反。内毛虫与双毛虫和头毛虫的吞噬速率分别为361.9、606.3个/h和607.5个/h,种属间差异显著,但不同种属吞噬速率随日粮结构变化的趋势基本一致。综上所述,日粮结构可以引起瘤胃发酵状态的改变,从而影响原虫种群结构和吞噬速率。Studies on effects of dietary concentrate levels on rumen fermentation, protozoal structure and grazing rate in goats＇ rumen were carried out using a technique of fluorescence-labeled bacteria （FLB）. 4 ×4 Latin squares were conducted by using four Xuhuai goats with permanent cannulas, and diets were divided into A （10：90）, B （30：70）, C （50： 50）, and D （70：30） by varying concentrate to forage ratios, and NDF percent on a dry matter basis were 54.87%, 44.23%, 33.72%, 23.23%, resepectivly. The results showed that rumen fermentation was shifted by diet. There were high microbial activity and high NDF degradability in group B, and pH was also quite stable in this group, comparatively. There were cubic relationship between predation rates and NDF percent（Y=-0.183065X^2-0.003092X^3＋467.117113, R^2= 0.86795）. Furthermore, multivariate regression analysis revealed the existence of linear correlations between predation rates and cell （protozoa and bacteria） densities （Y=445.514-3.078Xl＋1.864X2, R^2=0.839, where Y- predation rate; X1- bacteria density; X2-protozoa density）. Additionally, percentages of Entodiniinae and Isotrichidae were higher for diets which concentrate level were high, the revese was ture for Diplodiniinae or Ophryoscolecinae. And finally, marked difference was found in the predation rates among genus, however, the change rule of predation rate with dietary structure seemed to be similar across genus. It was concluded that protozoal profile and grazing rate were modulated by dietary structure, though shiftting rumen fermentation.

关 键 词：精粗比 瘤胃 原虫 种群结构 吞噬速率 山羊 

分 类 号：S827.5[农业科学—畜牧学]