淮河流域水环境承载能力计算系统的构建  

Computing System Construction of Water Environment Carrying Capacity in Huaihe River Basin

作　　者：严子奇[1,2] 夏军[1] 左其亭[3] 张永勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]郑州大学水科学研究中心,郑州450001

出　　处：《资源科学》2009年第7期1150-1157,共8页Resources Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金国际合作重大项目:“淮河闸坝对河流环境影响与生态修复调控研究”(编号:40721140020)

摘　　要：本文介绍了淮河流域水环境承载能力计算系统的总体设计、承载力数学模型的建立、软件系统的结构及应用。研究中通过计算在维系"良好水环境状况"目标下流域所能承载的社会经济规模上限来得到流域水环境承载能力。在耦合了社会经济系统模型、水资源转化关系模型、水环境系统模拟模型的基础上利用数据库、地理信息系统、可视化编程技术将"社会经济—水资源—水环境"系统模型、生态需水量计算模型、以及水环境承载能力计量模型中众多的边界条件、控制条件、可变参数及成果分析进行系统集成。所建立的淮河流域水环境承载能力计算系统可有效地实现流域现状水环境承载能力的计算以及对未来不同时刻、不同频率来水条件下的承载力进行情景分析计算,为流域水环境承载能力管理提供决策支持。In this paper, the overall designs and mathematical model of water environment carrying capacity, as well as the system structure and application of water environment carrying capacity computing system in Huaihe River Basin are presented. The carrying capacity of water environment in river basin is reached by calculating the upper limit of the socio-economic scale that watershed can carry under the ＂good status of water environment＂. The system is based on an integrated ＂socio-economic-water resource-water environment＂ model which is coupled with the socio-economic system model, the water resource transformation relation model and the simulation model of water environment system. The population size is a key indicator to reflect the water environment carrying capacity of the basin, and iterative algorithm is used to get the maximum population size of different water environment carrying capacities. This system also contains a subroutine for ecological water requirement model. The mean value of the results from the Tennant method, base flow method and the 7Q 10 method is considered as the ecological water requirement for each calculation unit. To calculate the water environment carrying capacity, the constraints of the water quantity, water quality, the total amount of pollutants into the river, ecological water requirement, per capita GDP and the per capita grain possession should be taken into consideration. The boundary conditions, control conditions, variable parameters and the result analysis of the measurement model for water environment carrying capacity are integrated in the visualized interface with the databases, geographic information systems and visual programming technology. By classify the indicators of water environment carrying capacity, the calculation units of Huaihe River Basin are divided into five categories of water environment carrying capacity, including complete bearing, bearing, mild overload, moderate overload and severe overload. This system can be effective in understanding the

关 键 词：水环境承载能力 模型集成 信息系统 淮河流域 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]