苏丹草-黑麦草轮作制中施肥对饲草产量、养分吸收与土壤性质的影响  

Effect of Fertilization on Yield of Forage Grass, Nutrient Uptake and Soil Properties under Sudangrass and Ryegrass Rotation Regime

作　　者：李文西[1] 鲁剑巍[1] 鲁君明 李小坤[1] 戴志刚[1] 杨娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]湖北省荆州市大同湖管理区农技中心,湖北荆州434300

出　　处：《作物学报》2009年第7期1350-1356,共7页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)国际合作项目(Hubei-22)资助

摘　　要：大田试验条件下采用苏丹草(Sorghum sudanense)与黑麦草(LoliumL.)轮作,分别设CK(不施肥)、NP(施氮磷肥)、NK(施氮钾肥)、PK(施磷钾肥)、NPK(施氮磷钾肥)5个处理研究施肥对饲草产量、养分吸收及土壤养分的影响。结果表明,氮磷钾肥配施显著提高苏丹草与黑麦草鲜草产量,2005—2006年与2006—2007年两季饲草分别为162.7thm-2、114.9thm-2,分别比同期PK、NK、NP处理增产312.9%、26.9%、17.9%和338.5%、20.3%、17.2%。施肥影响饲草的氮、磷、钾含量,且氮磷钾配施可以改善饲草养分吸收,2005—2006年NPK处理的饲草N、P、K吸收量分别为500kghm-2、91kghm-2和997kghm-2,2006—2007年NPK处理的饲草N、P、K吸收量分别为312kghm-2、56kghm-2和402kghm-2。轮作系统中,氮磷钾肥配施条件下氮、磷盈余最少,而钾亏缺。在苏丹草-黑麦草轮作制中,随着种植次数的增多,各施肥处理土壤有机质、全氮均有不同程度上升,施磷(NPK、NP、PK)处理的速效磷、施钾(NPK、NK、PK)处理的速效钾均有上升,而NK处理的速效磷、NP处理的速效钾略有下降。Sudangrass and ryegrass rotation is a new type of growth system in Jianghan Plain, which had developed very fast in recent years. So it is highly essential to propose an optimum nutrient management practice for increasing forage grass yield, improving soil fertilization and assuring sustainable development in this new system. Effect of fertilization on yield of forage grass, nutrient uptake and nutrition in soil under Sudangrass and ryegrass rotation regime was studied for two years through the field experiments in Honghu City of Jianghan Plain. The results showed that the application of nitrogen （N）, phosphorus （P） and potassium （K） combination obviously improved fresh yield of Sudangrass and ryegrass, with a total forage yield of 162.7 t ha^-1 in 2005–2006, which was 312.9%, 26.9%, 17.9% higher than those of PK, NK, NP treatments, respectively. The total forage yield was 114.9 t ha^-1 in 2006–2007, and 338.5%, 20.3%, 17.2% higher than those of PK, NK, NP treatments, respectively. Fertilization affected nutrient content of forage grass, and N fertilizer increased N content of grass, and K fertilizer increased K content of grass. NPK combination also promoted nutrient uptake of forage grass, with the higher nutrient uptake than other treatments. The total N, P, K uptake of forage grass was 500 kg ha^-1, 91 kg ha^-1, 997 kg ha^-1 in 2005–2006, and 312 kg ha^-1, 56 kg ha^-1, 402 kg ha^-1 in 2006–2007, respectively. In this rotation, the surplus of N and P2O5 in NPK treatment was the least, compared with that in NP, NK and PK treatments. However, K2O surplus in NPK treatment was the negative. In Sudangrass and ryegrass rotation, organic matter and total nitrogen in soil in all treatments, available phosphorus in soil in NPK, NP, and PK treatments and available potassium in soil in NPK, NK, and PK treatments increased with crop rotation times. But available phosphorus in soil in NK treatment and available potassium in soil in NP treatment slightly degraded, respectively.

关 键 词：苏丹草-黑麦草轮作 施肥 养分吸收 土壤养分 江汉平原 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]