中国成年人呼吸防护用品适合性检验新型头面分栏研究  

Two new anthropometric panels of respirator fit test for Chinese adult workers

作　　者：余丹[1] Ziqing Zhuang 程文娟[1] 王欣[1] 杜利利[1] 陈卫红[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学同济医学院公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学系,武汉430030 [2]美国国家职业安全卫生研究所

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2009年第7期400-404,共5页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划;国家“863”项目（2006AA02Z347）

摘　　要：目的为满足呼吸防护用品的适配性设计和测试需求，根据目前我国成年人头面测量数据提出2种新的分类（栏）方式：二元分栏和主成分分栏，并分析2种分栏对我国成人头面划分的适用性。方法以近期我国3000名成年人头面尺寸测量数据为基础建立头面尺寸数据库，根据头面尺寸指标脸长一脸宽的二维分布提出我国成年人头面二元分栏。采用主成分分析对10项稳定的头面尺寸指标（最小额宽、脸宽、鄂宽、脸长、瞳孔间距、头宽、鼻突长、鼻宽、鼻梁宽、鼻长）分析后提出我国成年人头面主成分分栏。通过我国成年人头面数据在不同分栏的分布比例分析两类分栏对成人头面划分的适用性。结果我国成年人头面二元分栏和主成分分栏分别将脸型分为10个型号和8个型号，总覆盖率分别为96．9％（男性95．4％，女性98．4％）和96．5％（男性95．1％，女性98．1％）。各型号覆盖比例较为均匀，二元分栏各型号覆盖率在4．6％～21．7％之间，主成分分栏各型号覆盖率在10．4％－14．6％之间。对比分析国外头面分栏方法，美国洛斯阿拉莫斯实验室（LANL）全面罩分栏只能覆盖我国70．9％的人群，且各型号覆盖极不均匀，其中3个型号的覆盖率之和不足1％；美国国家职业安全卫生研究所（NIOSH）研制的二元分栏和主成分分栏能覆盖我国96。4％和95．9％的人群，但各型号分布不均匀，其二元分栏中5个型号仅覆盖6．3％的人群，主成分分栏中3个型号的覆盖率之和为7．2％。结论根据我国成人头面数据提出的二元分栏和主成分分栏能代表国人头面尺寸分布，比国外分栏更适用。Objective To develop two new respirator fit test panels using data from anthropometrie survey of Chinese adult workers： bivariate panel and principal component analysis （PCA）panel for meeting the requirements of respirator fit design and testing and evaluate the applicability of the two different fit test panels for current Chinese workers. Methods An anthropometrie database based upon anthropometric data of current Chinese workers was used for panel design. The bivariate panel was based upon the bivariate distribution of the face length and face width measurements, and the PCA panel was developed using principal components analysis of 10 stable facial dimensions （minimum frontal breadth, face width, bigonial breadth, face length, interpupillary distance, head breadth, nose protrusion, nose breadth, nasal root breadth, subnasale-sellion length）. The distribution of Chinese workers across the panels was used to analyze the panels＇ applicability for Chinese workers. Results The bivariate panel and PCA panel developed in this study consisted of 10 cells and 8 cells respectively, covered 96.9% （male 95.4%, female 98.4%） and 96.5% （male 95.1%, female 98.1% ） of the current Chinese workers, respectively. The distribution of workers across both panels was uniform. Each cell contained 4.6%-21.7% of the population in the bivariate panel and 10.4%-14.6% of the population in the PCA panel. The LANL full-facepiece respirator fit test panel covered only 70.9% of the Chinese workers, It was thought to be no longer adequate for the Chinese adult workers. Conclusion New respirator fit test panels based on updated anthropometric database and distributions specific to Chinese workers may be more beneficial for applications in China.

关 键 词：呼吸防护用品 适合性检验 二元分栏 主成分分栏 

分 类 号：R686[医药卫生—骨科学]