黄土高塬沟壑区董志塬沟头溯源侵蚀特征及其防治途径  

Erosion Features of Head-cut and Its Control Measures on Dongzhiyuan of the Loess Plateau

作　　者：陈绍宇[1] 许建民[2] 王文龙[1] 赵安成[3] 李怀有[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]杨凌职业技术学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]黄河水土保持西峰治理监督局,甘肃庆阳744500

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2009年第4期37-41,共5页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目"高塬沟壑区农果林多元综合治理模式研究与示范"(2006BAD09B09);中科院水保所领域前沿项目

摘　　要：黄土高塬沟壑区沟头溯源侵蚀非常普遍,已经对塬面地区的土地、农田、村庄民居、道路和工厂造成了严重的威胁。通过对董志塬的调查发现,影响溯源侵蚀的因素为自然和人为因素两类。自然因素主要包括降雨径流、地形地貌和土质。总结出溯源侵蚀的发生类型为水力冲刷型、陷穴诱发型、裂缝诱发型和人为诱发型。溯源侵蚀的过程从时间顺序上可分为3个阶段,主要分为水力冲刷阶段、水力和重力共同作用阶段、重力侵蚀阶段。最后,根据不同类型的沟头侵蚀与活动特点,提出了沟头的主要防护措施。Head-cut is a widespread and serious erosion type on the Loess Plateau and it has already threat- ened farmlands, local residents, roads, and factories. According to the field investigation on Dongzhiyuan, the influence factors of head-cuts are natural and human factors. The natural factors mainly include runoff, topography, and soil. The genetic types of head-cut are summed up, including flow-induced type, sink hole- induced type, fissure-induced type, and human-induced type. According to the order of time, the develop- ment of head-cut can be divided into three stages： water erosion stage, water and gravity erosion stage, and gravity erosion stage. The control measures of gully head are presented based on the characteristics of differ- ent erosion types.

关 键 词：董志塬 溯源侵蚀 影响因素 发生类型 防治措施 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学]