铁路边坡土壤微生物数量和酶活性研究  

Soil Microbial Counts and Enzyme Activities on Railway Slope

作　　者：张志卿[1] 艾应伟[1] 杨雅云[1] 刘浩[1] 裴娟[1] 曾丽霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学生命科学学院生物资源与生态环境教育部重点实验室,四川成都610064

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2009年第4期61-66,共6页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40771087);四川省科技支撑计划项目(07FG001-018);四川省公益性研究项目(2008FG0006)

摘　　要：采用野外调查与室内培养相结合的方法,研究了四川境内典型铁路路堑边坡(夹江段、五凤段和白云段)土壤微生物数量以及酶活性。结果表明,铁路边坡土壤微生物数量具有显著的季节变化,以夏季最多,春秋次之,冬季最少;各铁路边坡土壤年均微生物数量均高于对照自然边坡;土壤酶活性也呈现出明显的季节波动,各酶活性最高值普遍出现在夏、秋季节,冬季酶活性最低,土壤年均脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性均高于对照,蔗糖酶活性低于对照。各铁路边坡土壤微生物数量和酶活性的季节动态规律与对照自然边坡相似。夹江段铁路边坡土壤细菌与藻类数量呈极显著相关(r=0.999),真菌数量与过氧化氢酶活性呈显著相关(r=0.969);五凤段铁路边坡脲酶与蔗糖酶活性呈显著相关(r=0.978);白云段铁路边坡细菌数量与藻类数量、脲酶活性之间呈显著相关(r=0.963,r=0.962),各铁路边坡其它因子间相关性均不显著。温度是影响铁路边坡土壤微生物数量和酶活性的主要因子,人为扰动影响了土壤微生物的生长,进而引起了微生物产酶功能的变化。By the methods of field survey and incubation experimentations, soil microbial counts and enzyme activities on three typical railway cutting slopes located in Jiajiang section, Wufeng section, and Baiyun sec- tion of Sichuan Province were investigated. Results showed that the soil microbial counts on railway cutting slopes displayed obvious seasonal fluctuation. The quantities reached their maxima in summer on the three slopes and followed by those in spring and autumn, while the quantities reached their minima in winter. The detailed maxima of bacteria, fungi, the average soil microbial quantity per year on the investigated railway slopes were all higher than those on natural slopes selected as controls. In addition, soil enzyme activities al- so presented apparent seasonal fluctuation. To be specific, the activities of all the enzymes reached their maxima in summer and autumn, as contrasted with their minima in winter. The average enzyme activities per year of the urease and the catalase on the railway slopes were all higher than those of the controls, however, the indicator of the saccharase on the railway slopes was lower than that of the controls. Seasonal fluctua- tions of soil microbial quantity and enzyme activities on railway slopes were similar to that of natural slopes. Some correlations were found, including very significant correlation （r-~0. 999） between the bacteria and the algae in Jiajiang section; significant correlation （r=0. 969） between the fungi and the catalase in Jiajiang sec- tion; significant correlation （r=0. 978） between the urease and the saccharase in Wufeng section; significant correlation （r=0. 963） between the bacteria and the urease in Baiyun section~ and significant correlation （r= O. 962） between the algea and the urease in Baiyun section. However, the correlation among all other factors on railway slopes was not significant. Temperature was the major influencing factor of soil microbial counts and enzyme. Soil microbes growth and function of micro-organism

关 键 词：铁路边坡 土壤微生物数量 土壤酶活性 季节动态 

分 类 号：S154.36[农业科学—土壤学]