基于GIS的重庆农业气候资源空间分布精细模拟研究  

A Detailed Simulation Study on GIS-based Agricultural Climate Resources Spatial Distribution in Chongqing

作　　者：汪璇[1,2] 吕家恪[1,2] 刘洪斌[2] 魏朝富[2] 谢德体[2] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学计算机与信息科学学院,重庆400715 [2]重庆市数字农业重点实验室,重庆400716

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2009年第14期256-262,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：科技部"十一五"科技支撑项目课题"基于分布式水土肥管理模型的资源高效利用系统研究与开发"(2006BAD10A06-03);科技部"十一五"科技支撑项目课题"重庆地区喀斯特山地退化生态系统恢复与重建技术开发"(2006BAC01A16);重庆市烟草公司专项项目"重庆市植烟区基础信息数据库建设"

摘　　要：针对重庆地区地形复杂,气候资源立体多样性明显的特点,将经纬度、海拔、坡度、坡向、地形遮蔽度等地理因子引入到气候空间模拟中,采用多因子日照时数模拟和小网格法建立重庆光照、热量和降水等农业气候资源的数学推算模型,在ArcGIS平台支持下,对模型进行了空间精细推算和可视化表达,并将其与常规的回归法与克里格法进行了对比分析。结果表明多因子日照模拟法由于充分考虑了坡度、坡向、日照遮蔽度等下垫面因子对日照的影响,在日照时数模拟方面能够获得较好效果;而年均温、10℃积温采用Spline残差插值的小网格方法效果更好;年均降水量则以采用IDW残差插值的小网格方法为佳。在此基础上,对重庆地区农业光、热、水资源空间分布的基本特征进行了分析。研究成果可以为充分利用区域气候资源,合理布局农、林、牧产业,实现农业可持续发展提供有效的数据依据和科学支持。Topographic factors including elevation, slope, aspect, hill shade and latitude, longitude were taken into consideration in terms of the complex geography and distinct tridimensional variety of climate resources in Chongqing. Applied the multi-factors sunshine hours simulation and small grid simulation methods in the prediction model, the author, supported by ArcGIS, precisely calculated the spatial distribution of the length of annual sunshine hours, annual temperature, annual active accusation temperature and rainfalls in Chongqing which were expressed visually in this paper, and also compared it with traditional spatial interpolation methods including regression and kriging. The results have shown the following findings： Multi-factors sunshine hours simulation can achieve better results in sunshine hours simulation; while small grid simulation with Spline interpolation and small grid simulation with IDW interpolation are better for annual average temperature, 10℃ accumulated temperature and annual rainfalls respectively. Based on these, the major characteristics of Chongqing agricultural climate factors spatial distribution were analyzed in the end. The results of the research are not only useful for utilizing and developing the local climate resources, but also provide detailed data and scientific support for agricultural sustainable development.

关 键 词：农业气候资源 精细模拟 空间推算 GISE 

分 类 号：P643.1[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]