秸秆覆盖对土壤理化性状、微生物及生态环境的影响  

Effect of Straw Mulching on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties,Soil Microorganism and Environment

作　　者：吴涌泉[1] 屈明[1] 孙芬[1] 陈祖富[2] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400715 [2]重庆市潼南县农业局,重庆402660

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2009年第14期263-268,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划地"秸秆TBS绿化基材与产业化示范"(2007BAD39B03-03)

摘　　要：归纳了国内外学者关于秸秆还田对土壤理化性状、微生物及生态环境影响的研究,研究表明:相对秸秆焚烧,秸秆还田不但可以减少大气污染,更重要的是秸秆还田可以有效调节土壤水、肥、气、热,提高土壤孔隙度、提高水分渗透率、增加土壤水稳性团聚体含量、提高土壤有机质、提高土壤有效养分(N、P、K等)、提高土壤微生物生物量、增强各种土壤酶的活性,同时还可以有效降低各种重金属对土壤的污染;从经济效益来讲,还可以提高作物的产量。提出应该加大对新的还田技术与方法理论以及秸秆的加工技术的研究,以提高秸秆的利用效益和效率,减少其负面效应。总之,因地制宜地利用秸秆可以使生态、社会和经济效益显著提高,是农业持续发展的有效措施和途径之一。The author concluded the effects of straw mulching on soil physical and chemical properties, soil microorganism and environment in home and abroad. Previous studies had showed that straw mulching treatment can reduce the atmosphere pollution compared with burning straw. But the most important effect of it is that it can efficiently accommodate soil water, fertility, soil atmosphere and heat. It can also increase soil porosity, soil water permeability, the content of water stable aggregate, soil organic matter, soil available nutrient, the soil microbial biomass and enhance the activity of soil enzyme. Meanwhile, straw mulching treatment can decrease the contamination of series heavy metal to soil. Considering the economic benefit, mulching straw can also improve crop yields. The author considered that the researcher should enhance the research of method and technology of straw mulching and straw process so as to increase the using efficiency and decrease the negative effect. In conclusion, using mulching straw with suit measures to local conditions can improve ecological, social and economic benefits. This is one of the efficient measures of the agricultural sustainable development.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 土壤理化性状 土壤微生物 

分 类 号：S157.41[农业科学—土壤学]