应用时间-活动模式估计儿童个体NOx暴露水平  

Estimation of Children's Personal NO_x Exposure Level by Time-Activity Pattern

作　　者：曾艳[1] 张金良[1,2] 王心宇[3] 赵茜[1] 帕拉沙提[1] 刘玲[2] 秦娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学医学部公共卫生学院,北京100191 [2]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012 [3]北京市疾病预防控制中心,北京100013

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2009年第7期793-798,共6页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30571533)

摘　　要：将时间-活动模式与微环境空气污染物监测相结合估计儿童个体NOx暴露水平.分别在北京和青岛两市各选择3所学校监测校园环境污染物,并在每个学校选择10名儿童监测其家庭居室空气中ρ(NOx)及个体24 h NOx暴露水平,同时收集其时间-活动信息,采用时间-活动模式估计儿童的个体暴露水平.交通工具中的NOx暴露水平可通过校门口空气中ρ(NOx)和交通工具的污染水平系数(λ)估计.结果表明:利用时间-活动模式模拟的儿童个体24 h NOx暴露水平为0.041mg/m3,与调整后的个体暴露实测水平相关性较好(R=0.785,P<0.01),差值为(-0.0026±0.0130)mg/m3,二者的差异无统计学意义(t=0.139,P>0.05).表明采用时间-活动模式与微环境空气质量监测结果相结合方法估计的儿童NOx暴露水平与个体实际暴露水平一致.To explore and estimate children＇s personal NOx exposure level by Time-Activity Pattern combined with micro-environment monitoring, three primary schools were selected in both Qingdao and Beijing. Ambient air NOt level was monitored on campus, and ten children were selected in each school to measure their personal 24-hour NOx exposure level and indoor air NO, level at their households. Meanwhile, information on their time-activity was collected via questionnaire. The children＇s NOx exposure to traffic vehicles was estimated through the adjusted NOx level at the school gate and the coefficient of pollution. Then, Time-Activity Pattern was employed to estimate the children＇s 24-hour NO, exposure level. The children＇s estimated personal 24-hour NO. exposure level by Time-Activity Pattern was 0.041 mg/m^3 , which was significantly correlated with the adjusted personal 24-hour exposure level （ R = 0.785, P 〈 0.01 ）. The residual of estimated exposure level to adjusted measured level was （ - 0.002 6 ± 0.013 0） mg/m^3 , and there was no significant difference between them （t = 0.139, P 〉 0.05）. The estimated children＇s exposure level to NO, by Time-Activity Pattern combined with micro-environment measurements was coincident with the children＇s personal measurements.

关 键 词：暴露评价 时间-活动模式 机动车尾气 儿童 

分 类 号：R128[医药卫生—环境卫生学]