畦田灌水质量评价及水分利用效率分析  

Analysis of irrigation efficiency and water use efficiency of border irrigation

作　　者：郑和祥[1] 史海滨[1] 程满金 朱敏[1] Jose Manuel Goncalves 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,呼和浩特010018 [2]内蒙古水利科学研究院,呼和浩特010020 [3]葡萄牙里斯本科技大学农学院农业工程系,里斯本1349-017

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2009年第6期1-6,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：“十一五”国家科技支撑计划重点项目(2006BAD11B09-1)

摘　　要：畦田灌水质量是影响作物产量和水分利用效率的重要因素。针对现有评价灌水质量存在工作量较大的问题,根据田间实测资料,利用SIRMOD模型、SRFR模型和田间实测方法分别计算灌水效率和灌水均匀度,结果表明根据较少的观测资料利用SIRMOD模型或SRFR模型也可对畦田灌水质量进行评价。根据模拟结果初步得出了在一定条件下单宽流量、平整精度和田面坡度对灌水质量的影响规律,并对不同规格畦田小麦全生育期的平均灌水质量对产量和水分利用效率的影响进行了分析,得出畦长45m,畦宽分别为5.0和7.5m的畦田在获得较高产量的条件下,水分利用效率由现状的1.10kg/m3分别提高到1.38kg/m3和1.35kg/m3,从田间试验角度论证了对灌区较大规格畦田进行缩块改造的必要性。The irrigation efficiency is an importance factor which influences crop yield and water use efficiency in border irrigation. Aiming at existing problems on larger workload in evaluating irrigation efficiency, the SIRMOD model, SRFR model and field test method were separately adopted to calculate the irrigation efficiency and distribution uniformity based on experimental data in the borders of wheat. The results indicated that irrigation efficiency can be appraised by SIRMOD model and SRFR model based on less data. Regularities of effects of the unit width flux, land leveling precision and surface grade on irrigation efficiency in certain condition were obtained by results of simulation. By analyzing the influences of the average irrigation efficiency on crop yield and water use efficiency in the whole growing period of wheat in different sizes of borders, it can be concluded that water use efficiency increase separately from present 1.10 kg/m^3 to 1.38 kg/m^3 and 1.35 kg/m^3 on the condition of that farmland＇s length is 45m and wide are 5.0 m and 7.5 m. The necessity that the wide sizes of larger border should be reduced in irrigated area was demonstrated from the field test aspect.

关 键 词：畦灌 灌水效率 灌水均匀度 生产率 模型 SIRMOD模型 SRFR模型 

分 类 号：S275.3[农业科学—农业水土工程]