育秧方式与播种量对水稻机插长龄秧苗的影响  

Effects seedling raising methods and sowing rates on machine-transplanted long-age rice seedling

作　　者：姚雄[1] 杨文钰[1] 任万军[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院,雅安625014

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2009年第6期152-157,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金："十一五"科技支撑计划重大项目-粮食丰产科技工程(2006BAD02A05)

摘　　要：为探讨适宜机插的大苗培育新技术,该文以川香9838为材料,采用田间试验方法,研究了4种育秧方式及3个播种量水平对机插大苗素质和栽插质量的影响。结果表明,秧苗成苗率随播种量增加而下降;不同育秧方式的秧苗素质有极显著差异;不同播种量间,除百株干质量为显著性差异外,株高、茎粗、根数、根长、根活力、丙二醛及质量高比均为极显著差异;无纺布旱育秧的秧块盘结力较小,为6.48kg/m2,双膜旱育秧的秧块盘结力较大,为18.70kg/m2。依据GB/T6243-86评价栽插质量,报纸旱育秧较好,其次为无底旱育秧。播种量为277.78g/m2时,伤秧率、勾秧率和漏插率较低;播种量为416.67g/m2时,漂秧率、全漂率和翻倒率较低。因此,水稻机插长龄秧苗应选择报纸旱育秧或无底旱育秧,且播种量在277.78～416.67g/m2之间。In order to develop a new technology of rice seedling raising for mechanical transplanting, the effects of seedling raising method and sowing rate on seedling and transplanting quantity were studied using Chuan-Xiang 9838 as test material by field experiments. The results showed that the seedling rate decreased with the increasing of sowing rate. The effects of seedling raising methods on the seedling quality were highly significant. Similarly, sowing rates showed highly significant difference on plant height, stem width, roots number, roots length, root vigour, malondialdehyde and ratio of weight and height, while significant difference on dry weight per hundred plants. The root force of seedling block with non-woven fabrics on upland field was the weakest （6.48 kg/m^2）, but that with two-layers plastic film was the strongest （18.70 kg/m^2）. According to GB/T 6243-86, the transplanting quantity that raised with newspaper on upland field was the best, followed by bottomless one. Sowing rate of 277.78 g/m^2 showed lower seedling injury rate, seedling hook rate and sowing leakage rate. And sowing rate of 416.67 g/m^2 showed lower seedling floating rate, entire seedling floating rate and overturned rate of transplanting. As far as machine-transplanted long-age rice seedling was concerned, the seedling raised with newspaper and bottomless on upland fields, and the sowing rate of 277.78-416.67 g/m^2 were recommended.

关 键 词：机械插秧 育秧方式 播种量 秧苗素质 栽插质量 

分 类 号：S233.71[农业科学—农业机械化工程]