基质通气栽培对人工营养基质水气肥的影响  

Effect of matrix-aeration-cultivation on water,gas and fertilizer in artificial nutrition matrix

作　　者：陈红波[1] 李天来[1] 孙周平[1] 王五宏[2] 韩璐[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学园艺学院辽宁省设施园艺重点实验室,沈阳110161 [2]浙江省农业科学院蔬菜研究所,杭州310021

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2009年第6期198-203,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家“支撑”项目(2006BAD07B04);辽宁省“十一五”重大项目(2006215001);辽宁省教育厅创新团队项目(2007T159)

摘　　要：为改善黄瓜(Cucumissativus)根际环境,试验以人工营养基质通气栽培(Z1)与沙壤土栽培(T1),人工基质不通气栽培(CK)比较,研究基质通气栽培对基质酶活性、基质养分含量和基质物理性状的影响。结果表明,到定植后60天时,Z1处理改善基质通气状况,比T1和CK降低了CO2浓度(59.81%,48.21%),提高了O2浓度(13.66%,5.87%)。Z1处理比T1和CK提高了基质中主要代谢酶的活性,其中磷酸酶活性分别提高了81.88%和28.53%、蔗糖酶活性分别提高了30.12%和20.54%、脱氢酶活性分别提高了22.61%和15.89%、脲酶活性分别提高了15.48%和8.47%;基质中的碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾等养分含量均明显提高;而且提高了基质总孔隙度、含盐量和含水量,降低了基质容重,改善了基质结构。最终基质通气栽培Z1较T1和CK的黄瓜产量分别提高了27.11%和8.94%,增产显著。因此基质通气栽培具有节水节肥,改善基质环境,和提高黄瓜产量的优势。In order to improve rhizoshpere environment in cucumber（Cucumis sativus）, aeration cultivation of artificial nutrition matrix （Z1） was compared with traditional cultivation of sandy loam（T1） and traditional cultivation of artificial nutrition matrix（CK）, and changes in matrix enzyme activities, matrix nutrition contents and matrix physical characteristics were investigated in the experiment. The results showed that Z1 treatment improved matrix ventilation. To 60 days after cultivation, CO2 contents were decreased by 59.81% and 48.21% respectively, and 02 contents were heightened by 13.66% and 5.87% respectively than those of T1 and CK treatment. Main enzyme activities in matrix of Z1 were higher than those of T1 and CK, such as phosphatase （81.88%, 28.53%）, invertase （30.12%, 20.54%）, dehydrogenase （22.61%, 15.89%） and urease （15.48%, 8.47%）, respectively. Matrix nutrition contents were also elevated including available N, available P and available K. Matrix structure of Z1 was improved, total porosity, contents of salt and water in matrix were advanced, and bulk density was reduced. Finally, Z1 treatment increased yield of cucumber by 27.11% and 8.94% respectively than T1 and CK. Therefore, matrix-aeration-cultivation have advantages of saving water and fertilizer, improving matrix environment and heightening yield of cucumber.

关 键 词：基质通气栽培 基质酶活性 基质水肥 基质气体环境 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]