论生产力的性质及其发展之内生动力——探讨基础理论中尚未解决的一个基本理论问题  

On the Nature of Productivity and Its Endogenous Engine of Development——An Exploration on a Fundamental Issue in the System of Marxist Theory

作　　者：林金忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学经济学院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《学术月刊》2009年第7期62-71,共10页Academic Monthly

基　　金：作者主持的国家社科基金项目"马克思分工和经济组织理论研究"(批准号:05BJL006)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：在马克思主义基础理论中,生产力范畴被摆在理论系统的"最高"位置上,但生产力的性质及其发展之内生动力问题迄今并没有得到解决。马克思一再强调生产力的"物质性",这与他当时所处的特殊历史境遇以及他所面对的主要理论研究任务是直接相关的。后人将生产力的性质归结为"能力"、"要素"乃至"科学技术"等,其实只是在重复问题而非解决了问题;至于生产力发展的"自发论",实际上等同于什么都没说的一种遁词。生产力作为人的实践能力,其本质规定性可归结为具有代际可累积性和横向可传递性的知识;生产力自身的发展并不是"自发的",其内生动力来自于生产的组织形式这一平台上生产力与生产关系之间的互动,以及人在此互动过程中对生产组织的形式适时地调整和变革,从而不断创造出新的知识增量。若将这些研究结论放回到唯物史观理论系统之中,该系统的逻辑框架或能得到进一步的完善。In the existing Marxist literature, productivity as a key term is usually regarded as a top term in the causation series. But the question is what the productivity is, and what could be the determinants of its own development while it determines the development of other terms. This question has remains unsolved yet so far. Marx repeatedly stressed the ＂material nature＂ of productivity, which may be explained by his special historical context of his time. His followers came to assert rather different opinions on the nature of productivity, such as ＂capability＂, ＂elements＂, and even ＂scientific technology＂, and so forth, but all these seem to repeat the question itself rather than to solve it out. The so-called spontaneous development of productivity may be treated just as an excuse which means everything but for nothing. This paper maintains that productivity is the practice capability of human beings, with the nature of which is knowledge that is characterized by down-generation accumulative and spatially transferable. The development of productivity is by no means spontaneous, but its endogenous source originates from the interaction in between the productivity and the production relations. Human beings as an active subject create knowledge through adjusting and improving the organizational forms of production upon the interaction.

关 键 词：生产力范畴 内生变量 唯物史观 知识 

分 类 号：F014.1[经济管理—政治经济学]